At present, spraying pesticides in fruit tree production is the main means of controlling pests. However, in the long-term evolution process, pests and widespread natural enemies in orchards have gradually formed an interdependent and mutually constrained ecological balance. In the process of pesticide control of pests, if the ecological chain balance between pests and natural enemies is not paid attention to, the prevention and control will not only receive good results, but will induce pests to occur. ?
I. Classification of natural enemies of fruit trees pests Natural enemies of fruit trees are the alternative insects that exist in the orchard at the same time as pests. They are mainly divided into two categories: predatory and parasitic. Predatory natural enemies are mainly predatory ladybugs, grass ridges, small flower buds, thrips, scorpion flies, predators and spiders; parasitic natural enemies include various parasitic wasps, parasitic flies, and parasitic bacteria. In the application of pesticides in orchards, predatory natural enemies should be fully utilized and protected, so that the prevention and control of pests and the protection and utilization of natural enemies should be taken into consideration, and the ecological balance should be maintained.
Second, the ecological balance prevention and control technology points 1, do a good job in the dormant period to prevent fruit trees in the late dormancy, when the wintering pests a large number of outings, because its resistance is the weakest, more importantly, the natural enemies of the pests have not yet emerged, the best time to control, Especially before the fruit trees sprout. At this time, after fully cutting and scraping the adult insects, cockroaches, eggs, and bark, and burning them in a concentrated manner, the whole garden was sealed and sprayed with a 5-degree stone sulphur mixture in mid-March, and in early April, according to the insect worm monitoring. As a result, the use of the characteristics of the pests with weak resistance during the puerperium period, and timely spraying of the targeted medicaments in a timely manner can have a multiplier effect, especially for aphids and leaf-feeding pests.
2. Within the annual cycle of avoiding or using broad-spectrum insecticides in the annual cycle, with the germination, leaf spreading and flowering of the trees, the natural enemies of the pests will continue to emerge, and their emergence will always be later than their corresponding pests. Natural enemies follow the phenomenon). Before June, there were many small flowers, grasshoppers, ladybugs, thrips and spiders; after July, predation was the main natural enemy group. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment of chemicals, especially the use of broad-spectrum insecticides should be avoided before June, after June (after wheat harvest), to avoid pests and natural enemies. From June to August, if the medication is reasonable, even without medicine, the aphids, mites and leaf-eating pests in the orchard will be effectively controlled due to the large number of natural enemies.
3. In the selective drug production, many pesticides have little effect on the life of the natural enemies while controlling the pests. These agents are called selective pesticides. Such agents should be used to control pests. Among the insecticides, the chlorfenapyr, the mites, the chlorpyrifos, the Bacillus thuringiensis, the Bt, the Beauveria bassiana, the acaricide, the avermectin, the nisolin and the like.
4, orchard grass orchard grass, especially in the intercropping grass can effectively regulate soil fertility, water supply, due to its early germination, long growing period, is conducive to the reproduction and activities of natural enemies of pests, the number of natural enemies is obviously biased More, it can effectively maintain the ecological balance of orchard insects, and secondly, when controlling pests, natural enemies can avoid being killed in the grass. Orchard grass, usually leguminous grass, such as alfalfa, white clover, fish and wheat.
5, the use of latent drugs to control pests, even the best use of pesticides in frequency and frequency, can make the pests resistance to life, the control effect is reduced. Even worse, single or several pesticides will completely destroy some natural enemies. Judging from the comprehensive and effective maintenance of ecological balance, the orchard should be used to replace different types of agents.
I. Classification of natural enemies of fruit trees pests Natural enemies of fruit trees are the alternative insects that exist in the orchard at the same time as pests. They are mainly divided into two categories: predatory and parasitic. Predatory natural enemies are mainly predatory ladybugs, grass ridges, small flower buds, thrips, scorpion flies, predators and spiders; parasitic natural enemies include various parasitic wasps, parasitic flies, and parasitic bacteria. In the application of pesticides in orchards, predatory natural enemies should be fully utilized and protected, so that the prevention and control of pests and the protection and utilization of natural enemies should be taken into consideration, and the ecological balance should be maintained.
Second, the ecological balance prevention and control technology points 1, do a good job in the dormant period to prevent fruit trees in the late dormancy, when the wintering pests a large number of outings, because its resistance is the weakest, more importantly, the natural enemies of the pests have not yet emerged, the best time to control, Especially before the fruit trees sprout. At this time, after fully cutting and scraping the adult insects, cockroaches, eggs, and bark, and burning them in a concentrated manner, the whole garden was sealed and sprayed with a 5-degree stone sulphur mixture in mid-March, and in early April, according to the insect worm monitoring. As a result, the use of the characteristics of the pests with weak resistance during the puerperium period, and timely spraying of the targeted medicaments in a timely manner can have a multiplier effect, especially for aphids and leaf-feeding pests.
2. Within the annual cycle of avoiding or using broad-spectrum insecticides in the annual cycle, with the germination, leaf spreading and flowering of the trees, the natural enemies of the pests will continue to emerge, and their emergence will always be later than their corresponding pests. Natural enemies follow the phenomenon). Before June, there were many small flowers, grasshoppers, ladybugs, thrips and spiders; after July, predation was the main natural enemy group. Therefore, in the prevention and treatment of chemicals, especially the use of broad-spectrum insecticides should be avoided before June, after June (after wheat harvest), to avoid pests and natural enemies. From June to August, if the medication is reasonable, even without medicine, the aphids, mites and leaf-eating pests in the orchard will be effectively controlled due to the large number of natural enemies.
3. In the selective drug production, many pesticides have little effect on the life of the natural enemies while controlling the pests. These agents are called selective pesticides. Such agents should be used to control pests. Among the insecticides, the chlorfenapyr, the mites, the chlorpyrifos, the Bacillus thuringiensis, the Bt, the Beauveria bassiana, the acaricide, the avermectin, the nisolin and the like.
4, orchard grass orchard grass, especially in the intercropping grass can effectively regulate soil fertility, water supply, due to its early germination, long growing period, is conducive to the reproduction and activities of natural enemies of pests, the number of natural enemies is obviously biased More, it can effectively maintain the ecological balance of orchard insects, and secondly, when controlling pests, natural enemies can avoid being killed in the grass. Orchard grass, usually leguminous grass, such as alfalfa, white clover, fish and wheat.
5, the use of latent drugs to control pests, even the best use of pesticides in frequency and frequency, can make the pests resistance to life, the control effect is reduced. Even worse, single or several pesticides will completely destroy some natural enemies. Judging from the comprehensive and effective maintenance of ecological balance, the orchard should be used to replace different types of agents.
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