Recently, the State Council issued the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction", and determined the total amount of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides discharged by provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. Control the target and the share of each region, and put forward 50 policy measures such as “controlling the total amount of pollutants as pre-conditions for environmental impact assessmentâ€, “controlling the total amount of coal in the three districts and six groups†and “implementing denitrification electricity pricesâ€. It is understood that at present, all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have begun to formulate implementation plans and specific implementation opinions based on their respective emission reduction tasks. According to the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China's pollution reduction targets will be expanded from chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide to four, increasing ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides. The plan also refines the energy conservation and emission reduction targets. In 2015, the total amount of chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions in the country decreased by 8% compared with 2010; the total amount of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions decreased by 10%. The plan also clarified the emission reductions of the four pollutants shared by the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and the reduction of the four pollutants in Beijing exceeded the national target. Liu Bingjiang, deputy director of the Department of Environmental Pollution Control of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, said that the emission reduction targets of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are linked to the local environmental conditions. The environmental protection departments have designed the indicators and will highlight the pollution problems in the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). ) Forming a mechanism to reverse the production capacity and adjust the structure of the second production. It is understood that the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have begun to formulate implementation plans based on emission reduction targets. The Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau said that it has formulated relevant policies and is currently seeking advice. â– Initiatives for the emission of pollutants can be used for compensation and transactions. According to the plan, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the pilot project of “paid use and trading of emission rights†will be actively and steadily promoted as an important economic policy for emission reduction, which will be suitable for China’s national conditions. The grading and management of the emission control rights and the sewage trading system are gradually implemented throughout the country. The premise of emissions trading is the total amount of control, which means that within a certain area, under the premise that the total amount of pollutants discharged does not exceed the allowable amount of emissions, the internal pollution sources exchange the amount of pollutants by currency exchange. Judging from the pilot situation, the current emissions trading is more on new projects. If new projects are to be built, they need to have emission indicators, and enterprises can purchase them. The Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Finance jointly researched and formulated the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Pilot Use and Distributing of Emission Permits", which will be issued after revision and improvement. In addition, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, the state reserved some indicators for the discharge of four pollutants, which will be used for the paid distribution and trading of major pollutant discharge rights. When the price of the emissions trading market is too high, the state Some of the reserved indicators will be sold to stabilize the market price. According to the introduction, during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, China is expected to add 100 million new vehicles. At present, the emission of nitrogen oxides in the transportation sector accounts for about one-third of the national nitrogen oxide emissions, and has reached more than 60% in some cities. Traffic was included in the “12th Five-Year†emission reduction field. In this regard, China will basically phase out the "Yellow Label Vehicle" registered and operated before 2005. Implement the fourth-stage motor vehicle emission standards and gradually implement the fifth-stage emission standards in key cities and regions with conditions. Fully implement the management of motor vehicle environmental protection signs and explore the total amount of motor vehicle ownership in urban regulation. For example, Beijing's purchase restriction policy and Shanghai's swaying policy, cities with conditions can try to explore. â– Understanding How to determine the emission reduction targets of each province Calculate the emission reduction potential according to the local GDP increment “For the implementation of emission reduction targets of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), the Ministry of Environmental Protection's approach is 'two up and two down'â€. Liu Bingjiang, deputy director of the Department of Environmental Pollution Control of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, said. Liu Bingjiang has been engaged in pollution control and pollution reduction for a long time, and is currently the person in charge of the national pollution reduction supervision and management project. Liu Bingjiang explained that the determination of emission reduction targets is first to let local counts, what is the local economic development, what is the possible new quantity, and what the industrial structure is. According to local reports, the Ministry of Environmental Protection calculates the emission reduction potential based on local reports and national macro-planning data, and gives a ratio, where the research is conducted, and then reported, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection re-examines. The calculation of emission reduction potential is based first on the GDP growth of each province. The GDP increments of all provinces are based on the number of people's congresses in each province. How much GDP increases? How much energy consumption increases naturally? Once you know the total amount of energy consumption, how much coal and oil each account for. The potential for emission reduction in each province. However, the emission reduction potential is simply a technical measure of the maximum mitigation potential that can be achieved in this region, and is not an emission reduction indicator for this region. After that, the Ministry of Environmental Protection will uniformly determine the proportion of the emission reduction potential of a certain region into an emission reduction indicator based on the problems arising from local calculations. Generally, the environment is good, and the proportion of emission reduction potential is reduced to emission reduction targets. If the environment is not good, the proportion of emission reduction potential into emission reduction targets is high. The degree of pollution in China can be basically divided into East, West and West. Under normal circumstances, the pollution to the west is lighter, so the conversion ratio is also different. The environment in the eastern region is relatively poor and the pollution pressure is relatively high. Therefore, the proportion and requirements for conversion are also large. Basically, 90% to 95% of the emission reduction potential should be converted into emission reduction targets. The conversion rate in the central region is about 85%, and that in the western region is 75%. For the estimation of the emission reduction potential, if the local calculation is different from the Ministry of Environmental Protection, it can be corrected based on the data. However, the proportion of emission reduction potential converted into emission reductions is fixed. 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