The world today is in the era of new scientific and technological revolution. The new industrial revolution is beginning to emerge. Some important scientific and technological fields have shown a harbinger of revolutionary breakthroughs. The new technological revolution will rely on the modernization process and the strong demand of international competition, and will also be emerging. Industrial development is more closely integrated and mutually reinforcing. In the recent period, global academic circles, business circles, political circles, and authoritative international organizations have been discussing or discussing the so-called "third industrial revolution." A, stems almost five pillars supporting the new economy and society to know what is the third industrial revolution, first of all have to look at the first industrial revolution and about to past (but not yet the end) of the second industrial revolution has passed. In the 18th century, due to the invention and use of steam engines, the British textile industry took the lead in mechanization and increased productivity, thus opening the door to the world's first industrial revolution. In the 19th century, based on the invention and use of electricity, the birth of automobiles, and the unprecedented increase in social productivity, the second industrial revolution marked by the mass production of the assembly line created by Ford began. Rifkin, the founder of the concept of "the third industrial revolution", believes that the so-called "industrial revolution" must include three major elements - new energy technology, new communication technology and the integration of the two. According to Rifkin's theory, the key to the realization of the third industrial revolution is to establish an economic and social foundation marked by five pillars, and they must be coordinated and developed. The five pillars are: one is to transform to renewable energy; the other is to transform buildings (materials) on every continent and every place into micro-power plants to collect renewable energy on the spot; third, each building And in the infrastructure, the use of hydrogen and other storage technologies to store intermittent energy; the fourth is to convert the electricity network of each continent into an energy sharing network through energy Internet technology; the fifth is to turn the transportation vehicles into plug-in electric vehicles and Fuel cell electric vehicle. Regarding the formulation or definition of the third industrial revolution, the views of the academic circles at home and abroad are not consistent. Some people believe that in the middle and late 20th century, the new wave of scientific and technological revolution centered on microelectronics technology has created a brand-new "information society" and "knowledge economy", which is, to a certain extent, the third industrial revolution. The author believes that the so-called third industrial revolution is based on the new renewable energy and advanced green materials, with advanced information technology as the platform, and the integration and penetration of various advanced technologies including these technologies. A new economic and social form and development model that is digitally oriented and pursues sustainable development as its main goal, completely different from the past, is a change in people’s ideas and behaviors compared with the past. era. B. Background and Status The triple crisis has pushed the new era to the present stage. The industrial civilization of mankind is at a crossroads. Oil and other fossil fuels that once supported modern industrialization and their corresponding lifestyles are increasingly showing signs of depletion; those that rely on fossil energy-driven technologies have generally lost their formerly booming momentum. More seriously, the gloom of the global financial crisis triggered by the US subprime mortgage crisis has not yet dissipated, and the European debt crisis has followed. It is also during this period that environmental pollution caused by fossil energy-based industrial activities has become more and more serious, and climate deterioration has become more and more obvious, which not only destroys the balance of the entire ecosystem of the earth, but also endangers human survival. There are indications that human society is facing the severe challenges of an unprecedented economic crisis, social crisis and ecological environment crisis. At the same time, countless scientists and technicians have turned their worries about the future of human development into practical work, trying to use knowledge to create a key to open the door to a new era. Therefore, since one period, the world’s scientific and technological progress has accelerated, technological innovation has been active, and new technologies and new achievements have emerged. In particular, the development of information technology and new energy technologies is changing with each passing day. Throughout the history of mankind, once a breakthrough in science or technology has led to a technological revolution, and these scientific and technological achievements are highly intersected and deeply integrated, and fully penetrated into all aspects of the economy and society, the new industrial revolution and economic revolution will occur. Smart grid and renewable energy are flying together. Many people in the world have realized that energy, as an important material basis for economic and social development, has become one of the biggest bottlenecks restricting global economic development. It must be in the way of energy production and consumption. Achieve major changes. The technological breakthrough and popularization of renewable energy determines whether the third industrial revolution can be truly established or established. At this stage, although the proportion of renewable energy in total energy consumption is still very low, the growth rate is very fast. According to the BP World Energy Statistical Yearbook released by BP on June 26, 2012, global primary energy consumption increased by 2.5% in 2011, of which oil consumption increased by less than 1%; renewable energy generation increased significantly. The increase rate reached 17.7%, of which wind power increased by 25.8% and solar power generation increased by 86.3%. In 2011, the total investment in renewable energy generation worldwide reached US$250 billion, a record high. The infrastructure to store and transport clean energy – the smart grid will evolve in parallel with renewable energy technologies. The so-called smart grid is the intelligentization of the grid. It is based on an integrated, high-speed two-way communication network. It realizes the grid through advanced sensing and measurement technology, advanced equipment technology, control methods and application of decision support technology. Reliable, safe, economical, efficient, environmentally friendly and safe to use. Its main features are self-healing, stimulating, resisting attacks, providing power quality that meets the needs of users in the 21st century, and allowing access to various forms of power generation. Recently, the world's smart grid has developed rapidly. According to the forecast of the United States and the European Union, the average annual growth rate of global smart grid infrastructure investment will reach over 17% between 2012 and 2017. Digital Manufacturing Goes Out of the Pipelined Traditional Model According to foreign scholars, the world's manufacturing industry is undergoing major changes in history. Specifically, manufacturing digitalization will lead the third industrial revolution. And this digital manufacturing has a new type of production tool, which is called a 3D printer (also known as a stacking machine or a material-added processing machine). It is like a normal printer that people know, layer by layer. The material that directly constitutes the workpiece (or object) is printed directly, or "stacked" to produce a product. This process can replace traditional car, milling, grinding, etc., and will revolutionize the way manufacturing is produced. As is well known, for example, the manufacture of an automobile part is generally preceded by casting or forging a blank, leaving a large machining allowance, and then finally forming a desired product through various machining processes and the like as described above. This type of production can be said to be "subtractive" manufacturing, that is, in order to obtain the size and precision of the designed part, the excess material is removed. In contrast, 3D printers are manufactured by “additionâ€. The parts do not need a margin at all, and the subsequent series of processing steps can be omitted, which saves materials and shortens working hours, which will undoubtedly bring revolutionary changes to the manufacturing industry. It is said that as long as the model (3D perspective) is designed with a computer, the 3D printer can not only produce a variety of workpieces, but also produce foods such as chocolate. This means that the application of 3D printing technology is very extensive. At this stage, although the 3D printer has not yet reached the point of manufacturing a complete car or an iPhone, it has been used to produce certain parts of the car, or to customize the casing of the iPhone. According to relevant information, on the Boeing aircraft in the United States, tens of thousands of parts are printed by this 3D printer. A researcher at General Motors' Global R&D Center said that in the future they will use 3D printers to make engines. 3D printing technology makes it possible to economically manufacture a personalized and versatile (single piece) product, which in turn enables the manufacturing industry to move beyond the era of streamlined mass production. In addition, this near-magical 3D printer device, in addition to its unattended features, allows you to create what you want anywhere. In the third industrial revolution era, the factory was like this: basically customized according to the requirements of the users; the machines in the factory are very clean and almost unattended; the production efficiency is high, and some car manufacturers are about ten Years ago, it was able to produce twice or even more cars with the same manpower; most of the work would not be done at the factory, but in a nearby office filled with designers, engineers, IT specialists, logistics experts. , marketing specialists and professionals in other fields. In the future, if people want to engage in manufacturing, they have to acquire more skills and knowledge, not just physical strength. New materials become the new growth point of the world economy. The new material is the material basis for overcoming the difficulties of science and technology. Its position and role in the third industrial revolution are mainly manifested in the following three aspects. First, the new material itself is a high-tech, and also the foundation and precursor of modern high-tech and industry. Second, the deep integration of new materials with modern science and technology is an integral part of modern science and technology. At the same time, it may also be a bottleneck restricting the development of modern science and technology. Third, new materials are very important for achieving sustainable development. For example, if renewable clean energy is the most critical and core pillar of the third industrial revolution, then new energy materials are the basis for its development and utilization. Without the corresponding new materials, such pillars cannot be established, the third time. There is no rise in the industrial revolution. The so-called new materials, on the one hand, refer to materials that have been synthesized or prepared using new concepts, new methods and new technologies, with high (or superior) properties or special functions; on the other hand, they refer to the redevelopment of traditional materials to make them Significant improvements and improvements in performance. In today's world, new materials are emerging. For example, carbon fiber is a new concept of a new material, which is prepared by a special carbonization process using polyacrylonitrile precursors. Its strength is 4 to 5 times that of steel and can withstand high temperatures of 2000 °C. The material is referred to as "black gold." Lightweight and high-strength carbon fiber composite materials can be used not only as aerospace structural materials, but also widely used in vehicles such as automobiles, building materials, medical equipment, sporting goods, etc., especially in electric vehicles. From a global perspective, the development trend of new materials mainly has the following outstanding features. First, new materials are deeply integrated with other new technologies to form an interdisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and cross-sectoral posture. For example, high-purity silicon semiconductor materials are the core materials of current solar photovoltaic materials and electronic information technology; digital technology based on semiconductor chip technology has been integrated into various fields and sectors of modern technology, such as biochips, semiconductor lighting, bionics, communications, Remote control, digital manufacturing, energy saving, etc. Second, the combination of upstream and downstream industries of new materials is closer. The new materials industry is horizontally diffused and mutually inclusive; the integration of new materials and device manufacturing, the vertical integration of upstream and downstream industries, and the extension of the industrial chain to downstream applications; high-performance, functional and multi-functional products, and more links between development and application close. Furthermore, new materials are more focused on sustainable development. Green, efficient, low-energy, recyclable, renewable new materials and advanced digital manufacturing technologies are the main directions for the development and application of new materials. C. Stone of other mountains A Europe: Riding the economic crisis with the third industrial revolution Rifkin pointed out that the third industrial revolution is not an empty theoretical preaching, but a more specific and clear action plan. In some parts of the world, specific practices and explorations in this area have begun. Examples include the “Biosphere of Rome†in Italy and the “Green Business Plan of San Antonio†in the United States. In order to accelerate major breakthroughs in a number of important scientific and technological fields, major countries in the world have increased their investment in scientific and technological innovation. According to relevant information, in terms of total investment in science and technology, the world has jumped to the trillion-dollar mark in 2008; in 2010, the proportion of R&D investment in major countries in the world accounted for the proportion of GDP, and the United States and Germany have exceeded 2.5%. Han is more than 3%. For a period of time, the EU has been striving to find a breakthrough in the new round of scientific and technological changes and strengthen scientific research. In the 10-year development plan “Europe 2020 Strategy†implemented in 2010, it is proposed to develop the digital economy and the green economy. In 2011, it also emphasized the development of advanced manufacturing (especially electric vehicles and robotics). At the end of 2011, the European Commission announced a “Horizon 2020†research and innovation program with a funding of 80.2 billion euros, from 2014 to 2020. At present, the European Parliament has recognized the concept of the third industrial revolution and has formulated specific action plans and plans to try to fundamentally get rid of the current economic crisis. In developing a green economy, the development of renewable new energy is one of the priorities. The EU plans to provide 20% of renewable energy by 2020, while reducing fossil energy consumption such as coal and oil by 20%, and increasing the proportion of biomass fuel in transportation energy consumption to 10%; In 2030, 30% of electricity will come from green renewable energy. In this regard, Germany, Denmark and other countries are at the forefront. Complementing the development of renewable and clean new energy sources, all relevant European countries are also actively developing new energy vehicles. For example, Germany plans to reach 1 million electric vehicles by 2020 and 5 million by 2030. France plans to increase the production of new energy vehicles to 2 million by 2020; the UK plans to 2015. The number of electric vehicles has reached 240,000. In addition, the EU has also vigorously promoted the construction of information networks, and proposed to speed up the construction of high-speed Internet for all people and achieve 100% coverage. In the development of the Internet of Things, European factories and industries pay great attention to the development of unified standards. D. Stone of other mountains B Asia: vigorously innovating and actively promoting the development of emerging industries in Asia, the theoretical concept of the third industrial revolution has caused great concern in countries such as Japan and South Korea. Rifkin has not only become the third industrial industry in the EU. The chief adviser of the revolutionary plan, and also became a guest of the senior officials of the Japanese and South Korean government and economic giants, was invited to discuss the theoretical and practical issues of the third industrial revolution with the latter. Rifkin said that he had discussed with the Korean and Japanese business giants the feasibility of the third industrial revolution (plan) in Asia and gradually gained their approval. The interlocutors believe that Japan and South Korea will become "participants" of the third industrial revolution. Rifkin also said that the second industrial revolution was led by the West, but the third industrial revolution may give Asia the opportunity to “catch the headâ€, including China. The actual situation is that since the occurrence of the global financial crisis, Japan and South Korea have been vigorously carrying out technological innovation and actively promoting the development of emerging industries. In order to break through the crisis and revitalize the economy, Japan has paid special attention to the support of emerging industries represented by new materials and new energy sources in recent years. In 2008, the country issued the "Low Carbon Social Action Plan", which proposed to vigorously develop high-tech, focusing on the development of renewable energy such as solar energy. In the same year, the Japanese government revised the "New Economic Growth Strategy" and proposed the implementation of the "Resource Productivity Strategy" to fundamentally improve resource productivity and adopt a concentrated investment strategy to make Japan the winner of a resource-rich era and a low-carbon society. In April 2009, Japan formulated a new growth strategy, which was defined as environmentally-friendly vehicles, electric vehicles, low-carbon emissions, medical and nursing, cultural tourism, and solar power generation. In December of the same year, the government announced the basic policy of “growth strategy†to 2020, focusing on expanding six areas that are expected to bring additional growth: environmental protection and new energy, medical and nursing, tourism, science and technology, employment promotion and talent development. In addition, the Japanese government has also focused on information and communication, energy conservation, bioengineering, aerospace, and marine development. The country actively promoted the transformation of the automotive industry with new technologies, and proposed an overall strategic proposal for the formal adoption of a new generation of vehicles. This overall strategy includes three areas: technology development strategy, system maintenance strategy and promotion of the popularization strategy. The biggest task of the technology development strategy is to develop power batteries and motors that can compete with gasoline cars in terms of performance and cost. After the Fukushima nuclear accident, Japan was forced to adjust its original energy strategy to focus on renewable energy such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, and biomass energy. According to the government's plan, by 2030, the proportion of renewable energy in primary energy will increase from the current 10% to 25% to 30%. In July 2012, Japan began to implement the so-called FIT program, which is to encourage more capital to enter the renewable energy sector by allowing power companies to purchase renewable energy from homes and private enterprises at a high price to accelerate renewable energy. Application pace. The key to universal application of renewable energy is to build a smart grid. Therefore, Japan is vigorously developing a smart grid, and it is planned to fully popularize the smart grid nationwide by 2030. The South Korean government has formulated the "New Growth Power Planning and Development Strategy", which has identified 17 emerging industries as new growth drivers in three areas, including green technology, cutting-edge industry integration and high value-added services. Through government research and development funds, it plans to invest 155 billion won in 26 commercial projects to support emerging industries that promote economic development. In this investment plan, South Korean SMEs, like large companies, are supported by government research and development funds in biopharmaceuticals, robotics, desalination equipment, light-emitting diodes, new semiconductors, and green cars. E. Countermeasure Suggestion 1 Supplementing the sixth pillar to promote scientific and rational consumption patterns The fundamental purpose of the third industrial revolution planning blueprint is to ensure the sustainable development of human economy and society. Rifkin’s vision of establishing five pillars can largely meet this requirement, but it is not yet fully achieved. The main reason for the shadow of the development prospects of the second industrial revolution, in addition to the gradual reduction of fossil energy reserves and eventually depletion, is to a considerable extent, the deep economic crisis and ecological crisis caused by human factors. These crises are related to the excessive consumption and waste of limited resources on the planet (especially in the early developed countries like the United States). On our planet, in terms of non-renewable resource constraints, human beings want to live longer and longer, besides "open source", they are "throttle", and there is no other way. Rifkin saw the non-renewability of fossil energy, and the strong constraints and constraints on the further application of the second industrial revolution, in the blueprint of the third industrial revolution, proposed the establishment of renewable energy as the core. Five pillar infrastructure. In fact, the energy (source) of the festival is also the “renewable†energy that is clean (should be said to be the cleanest). It is not only the lowest cost, but also endless. It is the “new†energy that should be promoted most. Nowadays, when a new industrial revolution is being brewed around the world and people are exploring new economic development paradigms, it is necessary to summarize and reflect on the exhaustion of the results of the second industrial revolution. The first and second industrial revolutions greatly enhanced social productivity and created unprecedented material and spiritual civilization, which contributed to the progress of human society. However, it must not be seen that with the increase of wealth, a considerable part of people's material desires are also extremely inflated. High consumption and excessive consumption have become a fashion or trend in some countries and regions. For example, the United States is a typical example of global over-consumption and high consumption. Its population accounts for less than 5% of the world's total population, but energy consumption accounts for 25% of global energy consumption. This means that Americans have invaded others. Energy (share) that should be consumed. On the other hand, contrary to the desire to indulge in the desires, similar to the high consumption and excessive consumption of the United States, it does not bring real health, happiness and enjoyment. Therefore, in order to make the social foundation of the new economic era more stable, people must change their mindset and establish the sixth pillar of the third industrial revolution as follows: foster and establish a scientific and healthy consumer culture. Innovation is completely different from the first. The consumption pattern during the period of the Second Industrial Revolution, vigorously advocated and adhered to a kind of economy, frugality, simplicity (real), lean, and moderate, moderate and reasonable in the era of rich material and technologically advanced. Scientific and healthy lifestyle; in economic production, we must adhere to resource (energy) conservation, high efficiency, recycling, and strive to maximize efficiency (rate), minimize consumption, minimize negative impact on the environment, lean production, lean manufacturing, Lean management. F. Countermeasures and Suggestions 2 Doing a good job of connecting and transitioning the two industrial revolutions. The opportunity to seize the third industrial revolution is a grand strategy. After the goals and directions are determined, there must be correct strategies and methods. This is also a prerequisite for success. one. Carrying out this profound economic and social change must be implemented step by step in a long period of time, and it is necessary to do a good job of connecting and transitioning between the third industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution, at the lowest cost. Transformation. For example, the promotion of the third industrial revolution requires substantial investment in the construction of the necessary infrastructure (such as the five pillars proposed by Rifkin). To this end, the second industrial revolution has to be maintained, and it will not be "dead" immediately. It is necessary to use the results of the second industrial revolution to "build the foundation for the third industrial revolution." The reason why you want to use it is not to rely on it for a long time, but to get rid of it as soon as possible (or eliminate it). Based on this idea, at this stage in the construction of large-scale infrastructure (especially those large-scale durable and durable facilities), we should try our best to consider the future transformation needs, handle the current functional utilization and facilitate future technological transformation (or Technological innovation), as far as possible under the future economic development model, will not be completely eliminated or reinvented, at least able to use part of the value to avoid causing huge waste. Nowadays, in the world automobile industry, hybrid electric vehicle technology is favored by all parties. One of the most important reasons is that it is an ideal solution for the transition from traditional gasoline and diesel automobile technology to new energy vehicle technology. (or strategy), the role of crossing the river bridge or crossing the river, can balance and integrate the current and future development of automotive technology. This kind of hybrid technology solution, which can be used as the technology of automobile platform and general technology, can be used as a philosophy (method) for reference. It guides (helps people) from the second industry. The revolution is heading for the third industrial revolution.
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