1 feed enzyme preparations current research hotspots
There are mainly the following aspects: 1 the effect of enzyme preparation on the physiological, micro-ecological and endocrine of livestock; 2 the method of predicting the substrate concentration, so as to use the model to predict the reaction of the enzyme preparation and the most economical and effective dosage; High-efficiency expression of genetic engineering bacteria such as sugar, phytase, inulinase, keratinase, separation technology and efficient utilization technology and cheap production technology of enzymes; 4 properties of enzymes, including pH properties, temperature properties, and resistance of enzymes Protease ability, etc.; 5 nutrient equivalent relationship between feed enzyme preparation and animal diet; 6 transfer of phytase gene into feed crops, such as corn, so that the feed crop itself contains phytase gene.
2 future research directions of enzyme preparations
(1) Effect model of the enzyme: The amount of the enzyme preparation is mainly determined based on the specificity of the livestock and the specificity of the substrate; however, a suitable model for simply predicting the response of the enzyme to the performance of the animal has not yet been established. Linking enzymes, substrates, and animals to establish a dynamic model between the three is the key and fundamental way to determine the appropriate amount of enzyme.
(2) Nutritional value of enzymes: Up to now, the potential nutritional value of phytase has relatively complete data; however, the potential nutritional value of other enzyme preparations is not perfect or not at all. The potential nutritional value of enzyme preparations and the effect model of enzymes have something in common, but the potential nutritional value is relatively simple and easy to break through. It is more meaningful to reduce the workload by conducting research on potential nutritional values ​​based on the standardization of enzymes.
(3) Enzyme stabilization technology: There are many factors affecting the stability of enzyme preparations. In addition to thermal stability, it also includes pH stability in animal digestive tract or feed, stability to heavy metals, and tolerance to proteases. , storage stability of the enzyme, stability of the inhibitor in the feed, and the like.
Enzyme stability is one of the most common concerns for enzyme suppliers and users, and relatively more research has been done. The post-treatment techniques of enzyme preparations, such as embedding, granulation, carrier adsorption and partial chemical treatment techniques, have a certain effect on improving the stability of the enzyme, but the effect is very limited, and the above various stability cannot be comprehensively improved. Microbial screening and genetic engineering techniques may be a way to improve the stability of enzyme preparations once and for all.
(4) Enzyme activity analysis method: At least two aspects of research content should be included: 1. Establish a unified enzyme activity detection method and enzyme activity representation method to facilitate the product quality control of the enzyme and the relative meaning comparison of similar products. Since there are some differences in the nature of the enzymes produced by different microorganisms, it is difficult to establish an absolutely uniform detection standard. However, the mainstream enzyme preparation detection method should be used as a standard or a secondary detection method should be established in the standard. 2 The detection conditions of the enzyme activity should simulate the digestive tract environment of the animal, and the optimum conditions of the enzyme should not be used as the detection conditions (Wang et al., 2000a, 2000b; Thacker et al., 1996). The digestive tract environment of animals affecting enzyme activity is also an important research content.
(5) Biological evaluation method of enzyme preparation: As mentioned above, there is no uniform biological evaluation method for the enzyme preparation. Whether the enzyme preparation is effective or not is still confusing for many users. The key reason for this doubt is the lack of reliable animal test results. Enzymes have their own special effects and require more precise test conditions. Different livestock and poultry need at least the number of test heads, test period, indicators to be investigated, etc. It is necessary to establish a uniform standard.
(6) The optimal cost-effective enzyme preparation usage: The addition amount of the enzyme preparation and the effect produced are not completely positively related linear relationship. The research and application progress of feed additives: in 2008, it is a parabolic relationship. Below a certain amount of addition, the additive effect has a strong dependence on the amount of addition, and above this addition amount, as the amount of addition increases, the increase effect of the addition effect is significantly reduced, and sometimes it is necessary to increase the addition amount by several tens of times to increase the additive effect. Doubled. Therefore, it is an important research work to explore the optimal cost-effective use of enzyme preparations. However, this optimal cost-effective ratio varies with animal species, diet composition, feed and enzyme preparation costs, and the optimal economic dosage of the enzyme preparation will also vary.
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