First, the variety selection: spring planting bitter gourd generally long harvest period. Varieties with strong branching power, good heat resistance and suitable local consumption habits should be used. Such as Xinghuachunchun, Xingchunchunyan, Lanshan Dabai bitter gourd, Daxian No.1, Daxian No.3, Zhuzhou Changbai bitter gourd, etc.
Second, nursery
1. Sowing date and sowing amount: The cold-bed seeding in the middle of March in the Yangtze River basin or the hotbed seedling in late March; in North China, the cold-bed seedlings will be in late March. There are certain differences between different varieties of bitter gourd. Under normal circumstances, 250 to 300 g per mu. If the germination rate of the variety is low, the amount of seed can be increased as appropriate.
2, soaking seeds and germination: bitter gourd skin is thick, not easy to absorb water, germination is more difficult. It can be scalded with warm water at about 55 °C first, and then soaked for more than 12 hours after it is naturally cooled.
3. Sowing: Put the prepared nutritious soil into the seedbed, the soil thickness is about 10cm, water is poured, and the seeds are broadcasted to the nutrient soil. Or put the prepared nutritious soil into the nutrient bowl, pour the water, and then put the seeds. After sowing, the cover soil is about 2 to 3 cm, and the temperature above 25 °C is favorable for seed emergence. Cover the shade net when the temperature exceeds 32 °C.
4, seedling management: appropriate temperature reduction after emergence, seedling bed day temperature is maintained at 25 ~ 30 ° C, night 15 ~ 18 ° C, moderate watering to maintain soil moisture. Timely weeding, ventilation and moisturizing, timely spraying and sterilization to prevent disease. Seedlings can be transplanted and planted with 2 to 4 true leaves. Refining the seedlings about a week before planting.
5. Planting: Generally, the width of the raft is 1.5~2m, and each row is 2 rows, and the plant spacing is about 50cm. The planting period is generally carried out when the soil temperature is stable above 12 °C, but it should be as early as possible to try to colonize at an appropriate time. The depth of planting seedlings should be such that the seedling cotyledons are flat on the ground.
Third, the field management
1. Seedling management: bitter gourd is not tolerant to shade, and it is necessary to control watering after slow seedling survival, and timely apply seedling fertilizer to promote root development. Enhance the resistance to the goal of increasing production.
2, cultivating and weeding: timely cultivating and weeding is conducive to the development and growth of roots, and improve the temperature and permeability of the soil around the roots. In the cultivating, special attention should be paid to the seedlings without damaging the roots. In the future, the cultivating can be carried out several times according to the situation.
3, scaffolding: generally after the bitter gourd vines to erect, the way of the bracket varies according to local customs, common man-made frame, single row straight row bamboo frame, horizontal scaffolding and so on.
4, whole branches and vines: After planting, the early stage of plant climbing, can be artificially tied vines 1 or 2 times, in order to lead the vines. From the base, the side branches below 50cm are removed, leaving only the main vines on the shelves. When the vines in the center of the rack are too strong and too dense, some weak vines should be properly removed to concentrate the nutrients to give play to the main vines. When the main vine grows to 1 meter, it is topped, leaving 2 strong side vines. Other weak branches were removed.
Fourth, harvest: bitter gourd as a vegetable to harvest tender fruit, the harvesting standard is: the fruit has been fully grown, the fruit tumor is rapidly expanding and prominently protruding, shiny. Harvesting should be cut from the base with scissors before the sun comes out. The bitter gourd harvested at noon or afternoon is easy to turn yellow and is not resistant to storage and transportation.
The spring bitter gourd cultivation technique is introduced here. The bitter gourd has a large amount of fruit and a long harvesting period, so the amount of fertilizer required is also large. In the early stage of fruiting, it is generally watered with 20% of dilute faecal water. To enter the fruit-bearing period, it is necessary to topdress in time to supplement the growth of bitter gourd.
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