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Developed STH element with 14% conversion efficiency (Photograph: M.May)
Outline of development components. The device structure includes a Rh layer on the left catalyst layer, AlInP oxidized on the Functionalized layer, AlInP on the Window layer (thickness of 30 nm or less), GaInP (0.8 μm thick) on the Top layer, and GaInAs (2.2 μm) on the Bottom layer. thick). Stepgraded Buffer is a layer in which the composition of GaInAs and the substrate é€æ¸ gradually changes. (Picture: M.May)
Study composed of researchers from TU Ilmenau, Helmholtz Berlin Material and Energy Research Center (HZB), Fraunhofer ISE and Caltech The team announced that at Solar-To-Hydrogen (STH), one of the artificial photosynthesis technologies used to separate hydrogen (H2) with solar electrolyzed water, the energy conversion efficiency for converting solar energy to H2 reached 14%. It is said that the durability is more than 40 hours. His technical details have been published in the academic magazine Nature Communications.
With a conversion efficiency of 15%, it will exceed fossil fuels
STH is a technology that uses the same elements as solar cells to electrolyze water and replace electricity to generate H2. If the conversion efficiency exceeds 15% and the durability reaches more than 1,000 hours, it is expected to generate H2 at a cost of less than US$4/kg, and the benefits may be better than that of H2 made from fossil fuels. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), a research institute under the United States Department of Energy (DoE), accelerated the research and development of STH from the latter part of the 2000s, and proposed that in 2015, the conversion efficiency would reach 15% and the durability would be about half a year ( Actually 875 hours), 20% by 2020, 2 years of durability (actually 3500 hours), 25% by 2025, and 10 years of durability (actually 17,500 hours).
However, the previous highest conversion efficiency was 12.4% achieved in 1998, 17 years ago, and durability is less than 24 hours. In recent studies, although the durability is long, there are many cases where the conversion efficiency is below 10%. In general, the conversion efficiency and durability of STH have a trade-off relationship, and it is not easy to increase both at the same time.
Increased durability from a few seconds to more than 40 hours
This trial is a double-junction STH device made of a III-V compound. When the catalyst layer was laminated on the surface of the Window layer made of AlInP, high conversion efficiency was obtained by "layer surface formation with processing accuracy of 1 nm or less" (first author of the paper, Matthias May of Ilmenau University of Technology). But the initial durability is only a few seconds. It was allegedly used for a year to improve and finally achieved durability of more than 40 hours.
One of the members of the research group, Hans-Joachim Lewerenz, a professor of artificial photosynthetic joints at the California Institute of Technology, said, "We are approaching the goal of 15% conversion efficiency and durability of over 1000 hours. If we are advancing the reduction of carrier on the component interface If the loss study is successful, then the conversion efficiency is expected to reach 17% or more." (Reporter: Nozawa Tetsuo)
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