What is the truth about the "graphene battery" suspected hype?

Recently, various news about graphene batteries have been boiling.
In mid-December 2015, the research team of the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences issued a report on Science, which pointed out that it developed a high-performance supercapacitor electrode material, nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous graphene. Some media praised: "The material has excellent electrochemical energy storage characteristics and can be used as a 'super battery' for electric vehicles. The biggest highlight of this battery is charging for 7 minutes and driving for 35 kilometers."
At the end of December, Li Changzhu, vice president of Huawei's mobile phone product line, revealed at the 2015 Mobile Smart Terminal Summit that Huawei may use commercial graphene battery technology in the second half of 2016.
However, these news were subsequently "faced". Some people think that the so-called graphene battery commercial is just hype. Others believe that some media misread the results of the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences - it is not a battery at all, nor does it contain graphene materials.

What is the truth?
They didn't say it - this is a graphene battery
According to media reports, at a seminar held in Japan, Huawei has demonstrated "this technology using nano-graphene can make a 3000 mAh battery full of 50% in 5 minutes. This technology It may be commercially available in the second half of next year."
The reporter of the Chinese Journal of Science and Technology made contact with Huawei for the news. The other party said: "There is still no information available inside." The only public news he provided was: On October 23, 2015, Huawei announced a partnership with the University of Manchester to study the use of graphene to jointly develop next-generation high-performance technologies in the ICT field. The project was initially set up for two years to study how breakthrough technologies in the graphene field can be applied to consumer electronics and mobile communication devices.
The reporter noted that in June 2015, the Korean financial magazine Business Korea online edition said that the Samsung research team had developed a technology to make a new "silicon cathode material" by covering graphene on the silicon surface of the battery. Increase the energy density of the battery to twice that of existing batteries.
However, in the above two news, no one directly called their research results as "graphene batteries."
The official website of Shanghai Silicate Institute gives the message: "The research team led by Huang Fuqiang, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, collaborated with researchers from Peking University and the University of Pennsylvania to synthesize an orderly A new material with less carbon in the pores."
Shanghai silicates said: "The latest research results obtained by them show that the energy density of these materials can be further improved by expanding the electrochemical window to obtain supercapacitors with higher energy density."
According to the author of the first electric network, the paper in Science magazine does not mention graphene, but carbon material, and the supercapacitor is called "battery" by the media.
In fact, supercapacitors (also known as electrochemical capacitors) are not really batteries, but an electrochemical energy storage device between secondary batteries and conventional capacitors. The conclusion that "this is a battery" is not given, not to mention "the best effect of this battery is to charge for 7 minutes and drive for 35 kilometers." However, this material is indeed a graphene material.
"Journal of the Chinese Journal of Science and Technology" contacted Huang Fuqiang, he replied: "The macroscopically, this material is a three-dimensional structure, the sp2 degree of carbon is as high as 98%, less than 5 atomic layers. We have been using mesoporous graphite in the submission process. The name of ene was changed to a small layer of carbon at the time of publication. The reason was that one person proposed that graphene is a two-dimensional planar structure and suggested that it can also be called 'highly graphitized three-dimensional microporous less carbon material'. Everyone will come to different conclusions from different angles, but the essence is the same."
Mesoporous graphene is a new structure in the generalized family of graphene. It has excellent three-dimensional microscopic conductivity and excellent electrochemical energy storage characteristics after nitrogen doping.

Graphene battery suspected hype
The reporter interviewed Lu Hongbin, a professor of polymer science at Fudan University, and Yuan Guohui, a professor of applied chemistry at the School of Chemical Engineering at Harbin Institute of Technology. They found that they did not agree that some businesses and media would use graphene materials in batteries to call them "graphite." Ene battery".
“It is obviously not appropriate to refer to the battery as a 'graphene battery' after adding graphene to the electrode material. Similar to the washing machine made by adding the nanoparticles to the plastic before, it is called 'nano washing machine', obviously There is speculation," Lu Hongbin said.
Conventional batteries are generally named after the "positive-negative active material" rule. Yuan Guohui pointed out: "In the charging and discharging of lithium-ion batteries, the flow-forming reaction is the contribution of lithium ions to the insertion and extraction of lithium ions in the positive and negative materials. When graphene materials are added to the electrodes, the main function of graphene is to improve the conductivity of the electrodes. Although it can improve the performance of the battery, it is not the active material of the positive and negative electrodes of lithium ion batteries."
Therefore, they believe that it should be called "lithium ion battery", or at most called "graphene modified lithium ion battery."
“'Graphene battery' should be a high-performance battery that can significantly improve the charging speed, cycle stability, service life, and even energy density of lithium batteries by adding graphene. It is best to have clear technical parameters for reference. The name of graphene to increase the visibility or attention of products to increase sales may be misleading." Lu Hongbin pointed out.
Although the term “graphene battery” is quite “self-defeating”, industry experts are optimistic about the application of graphene materials on batteries, especially on electrodes.
At present, lithium-rich cathode materials used in the industry are generally poorly conductive and extremely disadvantageous for electrodes. In order to improve the conductivity of the positive electrode, a conductive layer is usually deposited on the surface of the positive electrode particles, such as carbon coating, and the conductivity of the positive electrode is improved by adding a conductive additive. Electrode conductivity has a decisive influence on the charging speed, cycle stability and service life of the battery. Poor conductivity also increases the heat generation of the battery and accelerates the deterioration of battery performance.
Therefore, considerable work has been devoted to improving charge transport efficiency and heat transfer efficiency in electrodes by adding graphene to a positive electrode material. Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon film having a single carbon atom thickness in which a conjugated structure exists between carbon atoms, and charges can rapidly migrate therein. For this reason, graphene also offers the possibility of developing other new electrode materials.

Short-term commercial reality?
When it comes to graphene and battery being "married" and commercial, everyone is most concerned about whether technology, cost and other issues have been resolved.
In the gap of the 2015 Beijing Testing Service Industry Development Summit Forum, a person engaged in the inspection and testing of new materials told the reporter of the Chinese Journal of Science and Technology that there is no specific parameter standard for “graphene battery” at home and abroad, and he knows The information is a huge investment in the early stage of research and development, and it is only used in the "cost-effective" of mobile phone batteries and other products to be evaluated.
Lu Hongbin also mentioned the issue of "price/performance ratio". He believes that the possibility of commercialization of graphene-modified batteries, including lithium-ion batteries, in a short period of time is still very large, and the key is to improve cost performance. The existing battery technology urgently needs to solve the problems of charging speed, cruising range, stability and cycle life, and the unique performance of graphene is expected to provide new solutions and paths.
Yuan Guohui questioned that the use of graphene technology in lithium-ion batteries for consumer electronics is "not significant" because it has limited effectiveness in improving the battery performance and capacity of small consumer electronics, and the fast charge mode itself affects battery life. . On the contrary, he is more optimistic about the application of graphene materials and technologies in power-based lithium-ion batteries, such as new energy vehicles, which can bring about significant changes.
The reporter learned that there are two key technical breakthroughs in the commercialization of graphene technology on batteries: one is to optimize the structure of graphene and the use of graphene, so that the performance of existing lithium batteries has been improved to some extent; Active materials, or based on new principles to achieve double the performance of energy storage equipment.
The large-scale commercial use of graphene technology on batteries also requires a process of extension. Some battery manufacturers also need to verify graphene technology, and it will take time to retrofit existing product lines once accepted. However, Yuan Guohui pointed out: "2016 should be the first year of the promotion of graphene technology on batteries."
In addition, there have been rumors that the graphene battery researched by the University of Corvado in Spain and a company is expected to be charged for 8 minutes and travel 1000 kilometers. After hearing this news, the Graphene Industry Alliance also went to the agency to conduct verification at the subsequent Graphene International Conference held in Europe, but found that this information is mainly based on laboratory results, whether the technology has claims The performance has not been confirmed by practice.
"According to some of the results in the laboratory, the effect of the calculation reflects the eagerness of people's minds, but it also needs to verify a series of problems such as safety, utilization stability, cycle life, etc." Lu Hongbin stressed, "but the rapidness of graphene The scale will inevitably accelerate the development of energy storage equipment technology including lithium-ion batteries."

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