Zhejiang furniture industry showed a rapid development trend, with an average annual growth rate of 18% and an average annual growth of 45.2%. According to the statistics of Zhejiang Furniture Industry Association, more than 2,500 furniture industry manufacturers in the province realized industrial sales value of 14 billion yuan, an increase of 40% over the previous year. Zhejiang furniture industry has become an industry that cannot be ignored in Zhejiang manufacturing. In the past 20 years since the reform and opening up, the Zhejiang furniture industry has undergone earth-shaking changes. Looking back at history, we can easily see the changes. In 1978, the total output value of the furniture industry in the province was 36.5 million yuan, and the export delivery value was 1.71 million yuan. From the reform and opening up to 2002, the production of furniture increased substantially. In 2005, it increased by 383 times compared with 1978. A total of 155 million pieces of furniture were produced, including 24.5 million pieces of wooden furniture, 103 million pieces of metal and metal wood furniture, and 3.5 million pieces of soft furniture. Pieces. Furniture exports are growing strongly. By the end of 2005, the export volume of foreign trade was 459 million US dollars, an increase of 22 times and 47.1% respectively compared with l978 and 2001, a record high. The province's furniture enterprises have two provincial-level brand-name furniture, 10 provincial-level famous trademarks, 18 city-level brand-name furniture, and 20 city-level famous trademarks; 4 brand furniture won the 2002 national A-class product honorary title. According to statistics, enterprises with annual sales exceeding 5 million yuan account for 44% of the total industry, and their sales account for more than 80% of total sales, while profits and taxes account for 61%. Among them, 8 companies with a scale of more than 100 million yuan had sales of nearly 2 billion yuan in 2002 and played a pioneering role. Throughout the Zhejiang furniture industry, it has five characteristics: rapid expansion of scale, prominent structural adjustment, obvious block pattern, rich sales model and enhanced brand awareness. As far as the Chinese furniture industry is concerned, the most distinctive feature in the block pattern is the Zhejiang furniture industry, which initially formed a furniture industry group with regional characteristics: bedroom furniture in Wenzhou and Yuhuan, soft furniture in Shaoxing, office furniture in Hangzhou, and Huzhou. , mahogany furniture in Yiwu, metal furniture in Ningbo, tables and chairs in Anji, etc. The economic value of such industrial organizations and their spatial forms, especially in terms of their comparative advantages in regional areas, the completion of capital accumulation, and thus the improvement of regional competitiveness, are invaluable. Therefore, studying the characteristics and development motivation of Zhejiang furniture industry group has important reference value for Zhejiang furniture industry and the healthy development of furniture industry group in China. 1. The concept of the furniture industry group The concept of "industrial cluster" was first proposed by Porter in its 1990 edition of "National Competitive Advantage" and was subsequently widely used in academia. Many similar concepts are derived. But the definition of unity has not yet been formed. According to Burt, the industrial cluster is a company that is associated with each other, in a specific region that is both competitive and cooperative, with specialized companies, service providers and related industries, as well as government and other relevant institutions (such as universities, rule-making bodies, Geographic aggregates of think tanks, vocational training institutions, and industry associations, etc.). In this sense, the industrial cluster includes not only a series of related industries and other entities that are very important to competition, such as suppliers of specialized inputs, but also often extends downstream to customers, extending upstream to complementary industries or using relevant Complementary products or companies with skills, technology or public input. Even when foreign companies continue to invest in the industry group, they may become part of the cluster. The furniture industry group has become an important phenomenon in the contemporary economic world. In the mid-1990s, the output value of 380 local industrial clusters in the United States reached 60% of the country's total output value. There are about 350 SME clusters in India, and exports account for 60% of the country. In China, especially in Zhejiang Province, this industrial cluster has also flourished and is increasingly showing strong competitiveness. Among the 143 towns in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, there are more than 30 specialized towns with an output value of over 1 billion yuan, accounting for more than 60% of the city's total. Among them, there are more than 5,000 shoe-making enterprises, the market share accounts for 20% of the country; more than 500 glasses manufacturing enterprises, 90% of products are exported; more than 150 pen-making enterprises, products account for 1/3 of the national market; lighter manufacturers 260 A number of products account for 70% of the world market. As far as Wenzhou furniture is concerned, it has nearly 2,000 furniture production and distribution companies, forming a furniture industry group with a production and sales volume of 8 billion. It is the second only furniture production base in Guangdong. The industrial cluster is not a simple enterprise, but an orderly system organized by related companies in the value chain. Due to the establishment of formal or informal cooperation (transaction) relationships between entities, the industry group has a strong collective effect, which is characterized by the sharing of proprietary information between companies, in technology, marketing, training and design. Cooperation on the project. 2. Characteristics of Zhejiang Furniture Industry Group Zhejiang industrial group has been regarded as the top priority of China's industrial cluster research, and has been tracked by many economists and scholars at home and abroad. The study of the "Wenzhou Model" started in the mid-1980s can be said to be the prelude to the Zhejiang industrial cluster, and later to the "Yiwu model" and "Ningshao model"; the study of the industrial cluster also from the Datang Socks industry group, Zhangzhou tie industry group to Ningbo clothing industry group [5] and so on. Like other industrial groups, Zhejiang Furniture Industry Group has shown striking similarities with the “Third Italy†industry group in terms of industry type, enterprise scale, regional industrial culture and local production system. Through analysis, the Zhejiang furniture industry group has the following typical characteristics. 2.1 The more prominent SME-based enterprise scale structure A few days ago, the SME Development International Forum revealed that SMEs in China accounted for 99% of all enterprises. Zhejiang furniture companies are no exception. According to incomplete statistics, the number of existing furniture enterprises in Zhejiang has increased by more than 10 times compared with that in 1978. The total number of enterprises has reached more than 2,500, of which 1,000 are furniture enterprises with a production value of more than one million yuan, and township offices and private enterprises and joint-stock enterprises. 90% of the “three-capital†enterprises; from the perspective of enterprise scale, individual and private small-scale enterprises account for about 80%, but a group of individual and private-sized medium-sized enterprises that grow faster because of their advanced production methods, good management and high output Excellent quality and plays a supporting role in the industry; from the perspective of regional development, furniture manufacturing enterprises located in Wenzhou, Yuhuan, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Anji, etc. along the coast have higher overall production technology and they lead the province's furniture. Industrial development. 2.2 The specialization of local network division of labor based on division of labor specialization and cooperation can not only reduce the average labor cost of products, but also increase the ability of the whole society to acquire knowledge and accumulate knowledge. At present, the overall level of professional division of labor in China's furniture industry is still relatively low. Relatively speaking, the specialized division of labor in the furniture industry in Guangdong and Zhejiang is relatively good. Zhejiang has a large number of industrial clusters and a large scale. Among them, Wenzhou is the largest and most powerful region in Zhejiang Province, and its furniture industry group is no exception. There are more than 2,500 furniture enterprises in Zhejiang Province, of which more than 2,000 are concentrated in Wenzhou. There are more than 1,000 furniture manufacturing enterprises in the 2000, with an annual output value of more than 3 billion yuan, and more than 1,000 furniture distribution companies, with annual sales exceeding 50 billion. In 2003, the output value of Zhejiang furniture was 14 billion yuan, of which 8 billion was created by Wenzhou. In Wenzhou, a relatively complete specialized division of labor has been formed around the furniture industry. A small family factory can only produce one accessory for a certain product, or only one process for completing a certain product. Other companies are only responsible for sales or purchase. Thousands of factories have established a good production, supply and sales chain through mutual cooperation, forming a “professional market + family factory†business model with the most characteristics of Zhejiang, which is also known as “small business, big marketâ€. Zhejiang model." In terms of cooperation, Wenzhou furniture industry also showed an advantage. For example, in 2002, Wenzhou Furniture Industry participated in the 8th Dongguan Backstreet Furniture Fair. It adopted the strategy of combining strengths and strengths. The Wenzhou excellent furniture enterprises volunteered to create the overall brand of Wenzhou boutique furniture. The camp is a high-level combination of Wenzhou furniture industry. It has 21 members and an exhibition area of ​​4,500 square meters. It has a strong camp and a large momentum. It is the largest and highest-level group event in Wenzhou furniture industry. During the exhibition, all members jointly promoted and highlighted the style of Wenzhou boutique furniture with a unified logo and booth. The results prove that the cooperation within this industrial group has created the overall brand of Wenzhou furniture, enhanced its position in the domestic and international furniture industry, reduced the cost of individual participation, increased the cohesiveness within the industrial group, and made up for the individual's shortcomings. With the overall image, Wenzhou boutique furniture has become in line with international standards, laying a foundation for winning a better market share and benefits. It is also reported that in Wenzhou, a furniture material procurement alliance consisting of 25 companies is currently established. In the future, alliance members will conduct procurement in a unified manner to reduce costs. This move will further enhance the competitiveness of Wenzhou furniture. In addition to Wenzhou, the furniture industry groups in other parts of Zhejiang Province are constantly seeking a reasonable division of labor and cooperation within and outside the industrial clusters of the region, forming a specialized production based on the advantages of local resources and cheap labor. The block distribution pattern, that is, the bedroom furniture is mainly Wenzhou and Yuhuan; the office furniture is mainly Hangzhou; the soft furniture and solid wood furniture are mainly Shaoxing; the mahogany furniture is mainly Yiwu and Huzhou; the swivel chair is mainly Anji, and its effect has been Clearly revealed. In short, the reason why Zhejiang's furniture industry cluster is studied is that it has produced a strong agglomeration economy and collective benefits arising from mutual cooperation between purposeful enterprises, thereby enhancing the regional innovation capability and competitiveness. This is a place that is worth learning in Guangdong and Shenzhen. 2.3 Strong local network The rooted industrial cluster theory emphasizes the local network. Its main body includes not only enterprises but also organizations outside the enterprise, such as universities, research centers, intermediaries, financial institutions, government organizations, etc. The so-called rootedness means that various network relationships and corporate activities are built on top of local social structures. It reflects the attribution of networks and enterprises to the localities. The strength of roots is closely related to the stability of the industrial cluster and its sustainable development. The local network formed by the Zhejiang furniture industry group is highly rooted. Zhejiang furniture enterprises are mostly local private and private enterprises. There are only 30 foreign-funded enterprises. There are almost no foreign-funded enterprises in Taiwan, Hong Kong and other countries like Dongguan and Shenzhen in Guangzhou. Although this factor restricts the locality in the early stage of development. The scale, grade and speed of the development of the furniture industry, but because of the strong rootedness of its local network, it has good stability and strong stamina. Coupled with the rise of various industrial groups in Zhejiang and the formation of climate, they have laid a good cooperation, supporting possibilities and social structure rationality for the growth of the local furniture industry cluster. For example, in Yuhuan County of Zhejiang Province, Yuhuan Furniture can stand out in the fierce market competition under the conditions of transportation, talents and information, and the developed areas and coastal cities. It has a place in the domestic furniture industry. This is closely related to the rootedness of the local strong local network. Therefore, although Zhejiang's furniture exports rank second in Guangdong, its export growth in 2003 was 47.07%, much higher than Guangdong and Fujian (37.60% in Guangdong and 14.71% in Fujian), showing its development. Momentum and potential. 2.4 Relatively complete departmental structure Zhejiang furniture industry group gradually formed a relatively complete departmental structure in the development process, which improved the integrity and coordination of the internal composition of the industrial cluster. The composition of an industrial group consists of production and sales departments, related industrial departments and supporting institutions. The production and sales department is composed of raw material suppliers, semi-finished product suppliers, finished product manufacturers and distributors; the relevant industrial sectors are composed of auxiliary product manufacturers, similar technologies or joint labor market departments; Blog, Zhongshan News, Zhongshan said) Escape? Prayer? 埂 (13) core rely on? 11.? 埂 9.? cabin? Fur? purchase 鹑诨 æž„ æž„ 伞 伞 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O What is it?
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