Abstract: Welding materials refer to the general term for materials used in welding, such as welding rods, welding wire, metal powder, flux, gas, etc. The welding industry is developing rapidly, mainly divided into argon welding, CO2 welding, oxygen cutting, and electric welding. Let's take a look at the types of welding materials and the application standards for welding materials. Hope can help everyone.
Welding material type welding material application standard
species
The main welding materials for oxygen cutting are: cutting nozzle, oxygen welding torch, oxygen cutting nozzle, flux, base material (welded material), welding gloves, protective mask, and the like.
The main application industries are metal sheet metal industry, medical equipment industry, mold making, furniture factory, bicycle bicycle industry, ship shipping industry ``` can be said to be used in various industries.
Stainless steel-aluminum alloy welding material: aluminum silicon solder powder 304#, aluminum silicon solder powder 430#, aluminum silicon solder powder.
Welding specification
According to national regulations, the following specifications are available:
"Materials and Welding Specifications" 2006 publication notes February 8, 2006
The Material and Welding Code is a material and a basic specification for welding in the China Classification Society's regulatory system. It is quoted for most of the structure or construction specifications of China Classification Society. This revised edition of the "Materials and Welding Specifications" (2006) (hereinafter referred to as this specification) is based on the 98 version, combined with the revised notices of 2001, 2003 and 2004, and then revised.
In order to indicate the status of the modification, in order to understand the effective date of the specification in the future. In this revised specification, the provisions that have been substantially modified from the normative provisions since 2001 are marked with the date of revision, and the modification of the nature of the errata is not marked.
This specification fully incorporates the uniform requirements for materials and welding that were adopted at the end of 2004 and some of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) adopted in 2005.
In order to meet the requirements of the company's product inspection system, the general version of the original "Materials and Welding Specifications" is replaced by the new Chapter 0 classification rules. The requirements for the process of product inspection are clarified in this article.
In the first metal material, the yield strength and corrosion test requirements of the composite steel plate are increased; at the same time, the chemical composition and mechanical property grade range of the forged steel piece are further expanded, especially for the composition of the forged steel piece as a rudder stock. Clear regulations.
In order to adapt to the increasingly common application of plastic materials in the shipbuilding industry, for the first time, the general requirements for plastic materials in the second non-metallic materials are specified (new chapter 2), and specific tests are also specified. Application recommendations for the method. At the same time, according to the development of China's industrial level, the original fiber reinforced plastics were sorted out, and the contents were added and deleted to a large extent. The requirements for the molding workshop were improved to some extent and the new content of the sandwich panels was added to the molding process. .
The third welding is based on the previous regulations on adjusting the austenitic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel structural materials. After analyzing and referring to the classification society standards, Chinese national standards, and related physical performance indicators, the corresponding adjustments were made. The content of the solder material has become a new section. At the same time, according to the uniform requirements of W26 "Aluminum Alloy Welding Materials Requirements" passed by IACS in May, new aluminum alloy welding materials were added, and the corresponding welding materials of aluminum alloy materials in the specification were adjusted.
Various welding methods will produce some harmful factors. Different welding processes have different harmful factors, including arc radiation, smoke, toxic gases, high temperature, high frequency electromagnetic fields, radiation and noise. Can be divided into physical factors - arc, noise, high frequency electromagnetic field, heat radiation, radioactivity; chemical factors - smoke, toxic gases.
Harmful factors
Characteristics
(1) The main research object of welding labor hygiene is fusion welding, and the labor hygiene problem of bright arc welding is the biggest, and the problems of submerged arc welding and electroslag welding are the least.
(2) The main harmful factors of manual arc welding, carbon arc gouging and CO2 gas shielded welding are the soot-welding dust generated during the welding process. Especially the electrode arc welding. And carbon arc gouging, if the welding operation is long in the environment with small working space (boiler, cabin, closed container and pipeline, etc.), and if the sanitary protection is not good, it will cause harm to the respiratory system, etc. Suffering from electric welding dust lungs.
(3) Toxic gas is a major harmful factor in gas electric welding and plasma arc welding. When the concentration is high, it may cause poisoning symptoms. Among them are ozone and nitrogen oxides, which are produced by the high temperature radiation of the arc and the oxygen and nitrogen in the air.
(4) Arc radiation is a common detrimental factor for all arc welding, and the electro-optical eye disease caused by it is a special occupational disease of arc welding. Arc radiation can also damage the skin, causing welders to suffer from skin diseases such as dermatitis, erythema and small blisters. In addition, cotton fibers are damaged.
(5) Tungsten argon arc welding and plasma arc welding, because the welding machine is equipped with a high-frequency oscillator to help arc ignition, there are harmful factors - high-frequency electromagnetic fields, especially high-frequency oscillators with long working hours (such as Some factory-made argon arc welding machines). High-frequency electromagnetic fields can cause welders to suffer from diseases of the nervous system and blood system.
Due to the use of strontium tungsten rod electrodes, strontium is a radioactive substance, so there are ray harmful factors (α, β and γ ray), which may cause radioactive hazards around the sinter tungsten rod storage and sharpening of the grinder.
(6) When plasma arc welding, spraying and cutting, strong noise is generated, and in the case of poor protection, the welder's auditory nerve is damaged.
(7) The main harmful factors in the welding of non-ferrous metals are the oxide dust formed by the evaporation of molten metal in the air, and the toxic gas from the flux.
Review
Various welding methods have little possibility of existence of a single harmful factor in the welding process. In addition to its main harmful factors, several other harmful factors mentioned above may exist at the same time. It must be pointed out that there are several harmful factors at the same time, which are more toxic to the human body than a single harmful factor. Therefore, for some harmful factors that do not appear to exceed the hygiene standards, the necessary health protection measures should also be taken. External gap
Today, China has become the world's only major consumer of welding materials. In the past 20 years, the domestic welding consumables industry has developed rapidly. Foreign welding consumables enterprises have also competed for the market by exporting products, providing technical services and setting up factories in China. The fierce market competition shows that ordinary welding materials with lower profit, such as knot 422 electrode, ER50-6 gas shielded welding wire, HJ431 flux and other products, are mainly competition among domestic enterprises; All kinds of special welding consumables, in the face of the strength of well-known foreign companies, most domestic welding consumable enterprises are at a disadvantage in the competition, there is a big gap, so we must pay attention to the future development of China's welding consumables national industry.
Apparent gap - the structure, variety and quality of the product
1. Product structure ratio
There are no accurate statistics on the proportion of welding consumables in countries around the world. The English version of World Welding News, released in Japan in the fall of 2005, estimates the demand for welding consumables (not production) and the proportion of use in some countries and regions in 2004, as shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that in Europe, North America (USA and Canada), Japan and other developed countries, the proportion of welding rods in the consumables consumed is less than 20%, and the proportion of gas shielded welding wires in Europe and North America is more than 50%.
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