According to foreign media reports, Rice University researchers have invented a new "fiber mat", and its magic is that it can absorb and destroy pollutants in the water. This "purifier" consists of titanium dioxide nanoparticles embedded in polymer fibers. During the test, the research team demonstrated that the material can indeed adsorb pollutants. However, instead of water, titanium dioxide nanoparticles are exposed to ultraviolet light to eliminate pollutants. Compared with other systems, this design is faster, safer, and energy-efficient.
In fact, titanium dioxide is a fairly high yield of purification material.
When exposed to ultraviolet light, it can act as a photocatalyst, releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) to decompose the contaminants. Over the years, this capability has been applied to microfluidic filters, construction smoking panels, and fabric coatings that allow us to dry clothes in the sun.
In this example, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were embedded in high-permeability polyethylene fiberboard to remove and kill interfering substances. Given the hydrophobic nature of the fibers (waterproofing), it means that they will not absorb moisture, but they will suck away contaminants.
After the mats adsorb the contaminants, they are irradiated with ultraviolet light to trigger the photocatalytic reaction that destroys the contaminants. Titanium dioxide has long been used in water treatment, but it is usually necessary to add a large amount of raw materials to the waste water (forming a slurry).
Before the embedded titanium dioxide nanoparticles begin to destroy the contaminants, the fiber mat can be adsorbed first.
After this step of photocatalysis is completed, the treated water needs to be filtered out of the mud, and the result is both difficult and inefficient. Pedro Alvarez, one of the authors of the study, stated that the current photocatalytic treatment has two major limitations in terms of efficiency:
First of all, the oxidants produced are much richer than the target pollutants, so they cannot be destroyed. Secondly, it takes a lot of time and money to maintain and separate the slurry photocatalyst and prevent it from leaking into the treated water.
In some cases, the energy cost of filtering the mud is even more than that required for ultraviolet light. In view of this, the research team resolved by fixing the catalyst, making it easy to reuse and retain - "We do not allow it to filter out of the mat and affect the water."
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles enter the pores of the textile
In addition to being faster, researchers also claim that new technologies can save more energy, especially when dealing with more dirty water. From distilled water to wastewater from the water treatment plant, fiber mats only need to double energy. (In contrast, the slurry needs 11 times)
If the contamination is too thick and UV light is difficult to reach where nanoparticles are located, the new technology also supports two-step processing. Alvarez said that if the water is turbid, the penetration of light can be a challenge, which is necessary:
You can remove contaminants that have been adsorbed by the mat, then transfer it to another reactor that has cleaner water, then destroy the contaminants, clean the mats, and take them back to use.
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