Social demand is always the driving force for technological development, reducing energy consumption, improving efficiency, adapting to environmental protection needs, mechatronics, high reliability, etc. is the eternal goal of continuing efforts of hydraulic and pneumatic technology, and also the key to whether hydraulic and pneumatic products participate in market competition. . In order to meet these goals and meet the needs of users, the development of modern hydraulic and pneumatic products is following the main trend.
The development trend of hydraulic product technology has brought new developments in traditional technology due to the extensive application of high-tech achievements such as automatic control technology, computer technology, microelectronics technology, friction and wear technology, reliability technology, new technology and new materials. It also improves the quality and level of hydraulic systems and components. Nevertheless, hydraulic technology going into the 21st century cannot have an amazing technological breakthrough. It should rely on the improvement and expansion of existing technologies to continuously expand its application fields to meet future requirements. Based on the opinions of domestic and foreign experts, the main development trends will focus on the following aspects:
1. Reduce energy consumption and make full use of energy
Hydraulic technology has made great progress in converting mechanical energy into pressure energy and reverse conversion, but there is always energy loss, which is mainly reflected in the volume loss and mechanical loss of the system. If all of the pressure energy is fully utilized, the efficiency of the energy conversion process will be significantly improved. In order to reduce the loss of pressure energy, the following problems must be solved:
1 Reduce internal pressure loss of components and systems to reduce power loss. Mainly in improving the pressure loss of the internal flow channel of the component, the integrated circuit and the casting flow channel can reduce the pipeline loss and reduce the oil leakage loss.
2 Reduce or eliminate the throttling loss of the system, minimize the overflow required for non-safety, and avoid the use of a throttling system to regulate flow and pressure.
3 using static pressure technology, new sealing materials to reduce friction loss.
4 Development of miniaturization, lightweight, composite, and extensive development of 3-way, 4-way solenoid valves and low-power solenoid valves.
5 Improve hydraulic system performance, using load sensing system, secondary regulation system and accumulator circuit.
Japan's Komatsu, Hitachi, Kawasaki, Germany's Rexroth, Linde, the United States Eiton-Vickers', Parker use load sensing systems to save 20-30% of power.
6 In order to maintain the hydraulic system in time to prevent pollution from affecting the life and reliability of the system, it is necessary to develop a new pollution detection method. The online measurement of pollution should be adjusted in time, and no lag is allowed, so as to avoid loss due to untimely treatment.
2. Active maintenance
Hydraulic system maintenance has evolved from simple fault repair and repair to failure prediction. When the fault is discovered, it is repaired in advance to remove hidden troubles and avoid the development of equipment accidents.
In order to realize the active maintenance technology, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the fault diagnosis method of the hydraulic system. At present, based on the senses and experience of experienced maintenance technicians, it is not suitable for modern industry to look for faults by looking, listening, touching, measuring, etc. The development of continuation, continuation and modernization must modernize the fault diagnosis of hydraulic systems, strengthen the research of expert systems, sum up the knowledge of experts, establish a complete knowledge base of experts with learning functions, and use computers to input phenomena and knowledge. The knowledge in the library, using the reasoning method existing in the inference engine, infers the cause of the fault, and improves the maintenance plan and preventive measures. To further inspire the hydraulic system fault diagnosis expert system general tool software, only need to modify and increase the amount of rules for different hydraulic systems.
In addition, hydraulic system self-compensation system should be developed, including self-adjustment, self-lubrication, self-correction, and compensation before entering the market. This is the direction of the hydraulic industry.
3. Machine electromechanical integration
The combination of electronic technology and hydraulic transmission technology has increased the vitality of traditional hydraulic communication and control technology and expanded the application field. The realization of mechatronics can improve the reliability of work, realize the flexibility and intelligence of the hydraulic system, change the low efficiency of the hydraulic system, oil leakage, poor maintainability, etc., and give full play to the advantages of large hydraulic output, small penetration, fast response, etc. The main development trends are as follows:
(1) The application of electro-hydraulic servo ratio technology will continue to expand. The hydraulic system will be converted from the past electro-hydraulic on-oE system and open-loop proportional control system to the closed-loop proportional servo system. To meet the above development, sensors such as pressure, flow, position, temperature, speed and acceleration should be standardized. The computer interface should also be uniform and compatible.
(2) Development and computer direct interface power consumption of 5 mA or less solenoid valve, and high frequency solenoid valve (less than 3 mS) for pulse width modulation system.
(3) The hydraulic system's flow, pressure, temperature, oil pollution and other values ​​will achieve automatic measurement and diagnosis. As the price of the computer decreases, the monitoring system, including centralized monitoring and automatic adjustment system, will be developed.
(4) Standardization of computer simulation, especially for high-precision, "advanced" systems.
(5) The electronic direct control components will be widely used, such as electronic direct control of hydraulic pumps, the use of generalized control mechanisms is also a problem to be explored in the future, the status and development of electromechanical integration of hydraulic products.
Hydraulic industry:
Hydraulic components will develop in the direction of high performance, high quality, high reliability and system; develop to low environmental energy, low noise, vibration, no leakage, pollution control, application of water-based media, etc.; Power density, intelligence, mechatronics, and small and small micro-hydraulic components; actively adopt new technologies, new materials, and high-tech such as electronics and sensing.
The hydraulic coupling develops to high-speed, high-power and integrated hydraulic transmissions, develops water-media variable-speed fluid couplings and develops into automotive applications, develops hydraulic retarders, improves product reliability and average trouble-free operation. Time; hydraulic torque converter should develop high-power products, improve parts manufacturing technology, improve reliability, promote computer-aided technology, develop hydraulic torque converter and power shift gearbox technology; liquid viscosity Speed ​​clutches should improve product quality, form batches, and develop toward high power and high speed.
Pneumatic industry:
The products are developed in the direction of small size, light weight, low power consumption, combined integration, and the development of components to a variety of types, compact structure, high positioning accuracy; pneumatic components and electronic technology combined, to the direction of intelligence; component performance High-speed, high-frequency, high-response, high-life, high-temperature, high-pressure-resistant development, oil-free lubrication is generally used, new processes, new technologies, and new materials are applied.
(1) The hydraulic components used are high-pressured, the continuous working pressure reaches 40Mpa, and the instantaneous maximum pressure reaches 48Mpa;
(2) Diversification of adjustment and control methods;
(3) further improve the adjustment performance and improve the efficiency of the power transmission system;
(4) Development of a combined adjustment transmission device combined with mechanical, hydraulic and electric drive;
(5) Develop an efficient system with energy saving and energy storage functions;
(6) further reduce noise;
(7) Application of hydraulic threaded cartridge valve technology, compact structure and reduced oil leakage.
2) International development trend of load sensing regulation technology:
(1) Development system optimization matching technology;
(2) Further improve the dynamic characteristics of the system to make it both energy efficient and have faster response characteristics;
(3) Further electromechanical integration to develop electro-hydraulic load regulation sensing systems;
(4) Develop threaded cartridge valve technology to reduce system oil leakage and meet the special requirements of mobile machinery.
In China, we have carried out the application research and development of hydrostatic transmission technology on the main products such as combine harvesters, tractors and forklifts. However, due to the unsuitable hydraulic components, the quality is not good, the system design is unreasonable, etc. At present, the hydrostatic transmission device in the traveling machinery mainly relies on the import. In the application of load sensing technology, the load sensing full hydraulic steering gear, multi-way valve, priority valve and load sensing variable pump are developed in China. The key components, so the domestic pump control and valve-controlled load sensing adjustment system products, applied to loaders, forklifts, plastic injection machines and die-casting machines, and has nearly 1,000 production capacity. However, due to the lack of comprehensive and in-depth theoretical analysis and experimental research on the technology, the lack of optimization and matching, poor rationality and other reasons often fail to achieve the expected energy-saving effect, and the development cycle is too long, which affects the host. In the application. These have to be improved as soon as possible, as soon as possible to make more domestic hydrostatic transmission and load sensing adjustment devices to meet the development needs of China's mobile machinery and other host products.
4. Main research contents and objectives
(1) Research and development of through-shaft axial piston pumps and motors for hydrostatic transmission;
(2) Research and development of high-pressure through-shaft load-sensing control axial piston pump technology;
(3) Research and development of high-pressure integral and chip multi-way reversing valves for load sensing;
(4) Study the parameter matching, dynamic characteristics and testing techniques of hydrostatic transmission system and load sensing adjustment system.
Hydraulic (including hydraulic force, the same below), pneumatic, sealing parts, is the key part of the power, transmission and control of all kinds of modern mechanical equipment. They directly determine the performance, level, quality and reliability of the host. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, compared with various types of mainframes in the machinery industry, the industry started late, and its development has seriously affected and restricted the modernization level of the mainframe. This issue has attracted the attention of national leaders and higher authorities. In recent years, as a key industry supported by the state, it has received key support in planning, attracting investment, introducing technology and scientific research and development. At present, the hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industries are listed as one of the four major focuses of the revitalization of the machinery industry.
Objective: Strive for the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", so that the main key components, systems and devices for research and development will basically reach the international level in the early 1990s, and the tools will have a certain batch production capacity, which will be used for supporting domestic hydrostatic transmission and load sensing adjustment transmission devices. The main products are commoditized and lay a solid technical foundation.
(2) Electro-hydraulic servo ratio technology
Technical Overview Electro-hydraulic servo proportional technology is an electro-hydraulic conversion technology that converts tiny electrical signals into large hydraulic power outputs.
The research on electro-hydraulic servo technology in foreign countries began in the 1940s and entered a wide range of industrial applications in the 1970s. So far, a complete product variety and specification series have been formed, and the mature products have been further expanded. Under the premise of maintaining the original basic performance and technical indicators, the development of electro-hydraulic proportional technology is based on electro-hydraulic servo technology, which reduces the control characteristics and hydraulic pressure. The servo valve has been simplified and developed. Later, with the development of proportional electromagnet technology, hydraulic proportional valves were developed on the basis of three types of valves. The electro-hydraulic servo proportional control system consisting mainly of electro-hydraulic servo proportional components has the characteristics of fast response, large power ratio (power to weight ratio) and high degree of automation control. Therefore, in large inertia, fast response is required, and automatic implementation is realized. Controlled machine tools, metallurgy, mining, petrochemical, electrification, shipbuilding, military, construction, lifting, transportation and other host products have broad application prospects, and are an important control means for these hosts.
According to the choice in industrialized countries, electro-hydraulic servo valves, electro-hydraulic proportional valves, and dedicated electronic controllers and corresponding hydraulic components, combined with the development of mutual support of the current servo proportional control system, has formed a comprehensive hydraulic engineering technology. Its application and development is considered to be an important indicator to measure the industrial level of a country and the development of modern industry. It is another new technology hotspot and growth point for the hydraulic industry. In China, there are also a large number of host products developed, which need to be applied. Therefore, it is listed as one of the key technologies to promote the development of China's hydraulic industry.
Domestic and international development trends
In recent years, the development of electro-hydraulic servo ratio technology has been more concentrated in the improvement and development of its related main basic components, including:
(1) Electro-hydraulic servo valve develops a high-power permanent magnet linear force motor to simplify the structure, reduce manufacturing cost, improve pollution resistance and high reliability, and forms a new series of direct drive servo valve products;
(2) The electro-hydraulic proportional valve is developed in the direction of generalization, modularization, group integration and integration to achieve economies of scale and reduce manufacturing costs;
(3) The electronic controller is developing toward the direction of the dedicated integrated circuit, achieving miniaturization and combination, and achieving high reliability.
(4) The main components of the current servo ratio technology are more and more closely connected, and the degree of generalization of other components is continuously improved.
China's electro-hydraulic servo technology began in the 1960s, and it has practical application products in the 1970s. At present, it has an annual production capacity of 2,000 units. The electro-hydraulic proportional technology began to develop in the mid-1970s. There are dozens of varieties and specifications. The products have an annual production capacity of 5,000 units. In general, China's electro-hydraulic servo ratio technology has a large gap with the international level. It is mainly manifested in the lack of leading series products, the existing product model specifications are disorderly, the variety specifications are incomplete, and there is not enough industrial test research and performance level. Lower, unstable quality, poor reliability, and the existence of secondary components, etc., are hindering the further expansion of the application of the technology, and urgently need to be improved as soon as possible.
Main research contents and main research contents:
(1) Research and development of direct drive electro-hydraulic servo valve technology;
(2) Research and development of threaded plug-in electro-hydraulic proportional valve technology;
(3) Research and development of three types of valve-type electro-hydraulic proportional valve technology;
(4) Study the generalization, combination, integration and modularization of parts and components between the basic components of electro-hydraulic servo proportional technology.
Objective: At the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", the main basic component products of the research and development of electro-hydraulic servo proportional technology, the varieties and specifications are basically complete, the satisfaction rate for domestic host products is up to 90%, and the product level has reached the international level in the early 1990s. And form a batch production capacity.
(3) Pneumatic intelligence and modular integrated application technology
Technical Overview Pneumatic intelligent and modular integrated application technology refers to the combination of pneumatic technology, computer technology and information technology to form an intelligent pneumatic system based on the development of provincial wiring and low-power miniature solenoid valves. Further integration and modularization can form a smart product that integrates gas and electricity with space saving, wiring saving, small pressure loss, high efficiency, fast response, good reliability and easy maintenance. Abroad, it has been widely used in industrial automatic control to meet the supporting needs of the automation development of various host products, and has broad development prospects.
According to China, with the development of industry, especially the automation level of industrial equipment such as machine tools, automobiles, metallurgy, petrochemicals, etc., as well as the vigorous development of food, packaging, microelectronics, bioengineering, medicine, textile and other industries. A variety of high-efficiency, multi-functional, automated equipment and automated production lines are required to meet such gas-electric integrated products. Therefore, the development and application of aerodynamic intelligence and modular integration technology is not only a major trend in the development of international pneumatic technology, but also a major direction for China's pneumatic industry to speed up tracking development. It should be listed as a key technology for key development and continuously increase. The strength of its research and development.
Foreign development trend Foreign countries, the application of pneumatic intelligent and modular integration technology is developing rapidly. At present, there are a large number of pneumatic components with complete categories and various varieties, which are compact, modular, integrated and modular. They are compact. (such as micro solenoid valve minimum valve width is only 10mm), low power consumption (most control power 1-2W, minimum 0.35-0.5W), fast response (response time 10-25ms), no oil, long life (5000 Features such as 10,000-100 million times, can easily form the valve island, and apply computer peripheral technology to the pneumatic system, that is, the formation of intelligent pneumatic systems and products.
On the basis of the introduction of technology, China has developed a new product with low power (control power 1.4-1.8W) and small oil-controlled reversing valve without oil supply, and adopts multi-core plug-ins, junction boxes, etc. 2-10 joint installation, forming the valve island, the main performance basically reached the level of international similar products in the 1990s.
Main research contents and main research contents:
(1) Research on series-parallel conversion technology;
(2) CPU software development research;
(3) Design and development of φ1~3 diameter pneumatic components series;
(4) Research on design technology of miniature low power integrated module;
(5) Research on manufacturing technology of miniature low-power pneumatic solenoid valve.
Objective: Strive to grasp the application of aerodynamic intelligence and modular integration technology at the end of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", and develop a batch of micro-miniature, low-power, combined and integrated gas-electric integrated components and systems to make domestic mainframes and imported equipment For the maintenance of gas-electric integrated components, the product matching rate is 80%.
(IV) Hydraulic system pollution control and sealing technology summary Hydraulic system pollution control mainly refers to a technology for purifying oil, preventing pollutants from entering the hydraulic system and improving the cleanliness of parts in the manufacturing process. Sealing technology is primarily a technique that prevents leakage of hydraulic systems and prevents the ingress of contaminants.
The hydraulic and pneumatic system pollution control and sealing technology directly affects the quality and reliability of the product, and also affects the performance of the product, and further plays a key role in the accuracy, performance, quality and level of the host equipment. According to relevant statistics, 70% of hydraulic system failures are caused by pollution and unreliable sealing. Therefore, only improve the design of hydraulic and pneumatic products, improve the processing accuracy, and can not solve the problem fundamentally. It must be supplemented by strict and effective pollution control and reliable sealing to achieve the effect, which can fully reflect the advanced nature of product design and processing. .
According to the research on pollution control and sealing technology of hydraulic and pneumatic products, on the one hand, it can solve the problems of dirty, leaky and unreliable movement of hydraulic and pneumatic products in China, improve the matching rate of domestic components for the replacement of imports, and meet the development of various industrial sectors of the national economy. The need is of great significance; on the other hand, the technical research has great technical difficulties, it involves design, manufacturing, use, testing, purification equipment and other aspects, must take scientific purification methods for different characteristics of each link And effective management methods, and must be done in order to completely solve the problem. Therefore, the technology is listed as a key technology that must be studied and solved at present.
The development trend at home and abroad is in industrial advanced countries, and it pays special attention to the pollution control and sealing technology of hydraulic and pneumatic products, because it directly affects the performance, quality and level of products, which is a big problem in the market. The basic situation of the current induction is:
(1) Product pollution control is implemented in all processes, product assembly, product testing and packaging of product parts manufacturing. There are strict quantitative indicators to prove the cleanliness of the product, and there are strict anti-rust and other measures to ensure the product. Storage, cleanliness during transportation;
(2) Formulate corresponding standards and specifications for compliance by relevant personnel and strict discipline;
(3) For users of hydraulic and pneumatic products, there are clear cleanliness requirements in use, and relevant accessories for ensuring cleanliness are available for users to choose;
(4) Incorporate the pollution control of the product into the daily work scope, and solve the problem at any time;
(5) Pay special attention to the research on sealing technology for product structure to ensure reliable sealing of products;
(6) In order to meet the needs of supporting seals for high-pressure, high-speed, high-temperature or low-temperature development of mainframe products, foreign countries are expanding the application fields of rubber-plastic composite and rubber-plastic composite sealing; researching non-contact controllable membrane seals; exploring new applications Flexible graphite sealing material, etc.
In China, the pollution control and sealing technology of hydraulic and pneumatic products are also attached great importance. However, there are still many gaps in the research, implementation and achievements of this technology compared with industrial advanced countries. It is necessary to continue to increase research efforts. , with a point to face, targeted, to make better results.
4. Main content and objectives of the research Main contents of the research:
(1) Research and development of high-performance parts cleaning equipment technology;
(2) Research and development of filtration series product technology with high pressure precision and large amount of pollution;
(3) Research and development of new gas source purification equipment technology;
(4) Study the pollution control technology of hydraulic and pneumatic components and systems during production;
(5) Research on rubber, plastic and sealing products for large, high speed, combined and polymer materials, development, testing and life evaluation techniques;
(6) Study mechanical seal structures, special processing, materials and matching technologies for power stations;
(7) Research and development of large-scale flexible graphite seals with various parameters, high performance and high reliability.
Objective: Strive for the end of the "fifteenth", for the pollution control of the hydraulic and pneumatic products manufacturing process, the application process pollution control and the pollution control of the factory test process, solve the product cleanliness problem (dirty treatment), so that due to the low cleanliness of the product Product quality and reliability issues have been basically solved, product cleanliness has reached the relevant national standards; for hydraulic and pneumatic products and systems, from the aspects of sealing, joints and product threaded insert structure, the oil leakage problem (treatment) is basically solved; For the seals, we strive to reach 60% of the international product level in the early 1990s.
(3) Study the establishment of a common standard library of hydraulic and pneumatic standards and a dedicated parameterized library.
Objective: On the basis of the continuous development of hydraulic and pneumatic computer application technology in China, it will promptly promote the development of new hydraulic and pneumatic products and product structure adjustment in China. Strive to the end of the "10th Five-Year Plan", so that the varieties and specifications of China's hydraulic and pneumatic components and series of products will more than double on the existing basis.
Achievements in recent years
The hydraulic, pneumatic and sealing industries have now formed an industrial system with relatively complete categories, considerable competitiveness and initial production scale. According to statistics, there are more than 400 major enterprises, of which 35 key enterprises account for more than 65% of the industry's output value and output. In 1998, the total output value of the national hydraulic industry was 2.8 billion yuan (including hydraulic power of 235 million yuan), with a production capacity of 4.5 million pieces (including 62,000 pieces/set of hydraulic power); the total output value of the pneumatic industry was 600 million yuan, and the output was more than 3 million pieces. The total output value of mechanical system seals is 892 million yuan. According to the statistics of the same industry in 1996, the total output value of China's hydraulic industry accounted for the sixth place in the world. The total output value of the pneumatic industry accounts for the tenth in the world.
Since the reform and opening up, the hydraulic and pneumatic sealing industry has developed rapidly. It has introduced more than 60 foreign advanced technologies, including more than 40 hydraulics and 5 pneumatics. After digestion and absorption and technological transformation, it has been mass-produced and has become the leading product of the industry. . In recent years, the industry has intensified its technological transformation. From 1991 to 1998, the total investment of state, local and enterprise self-raised funds totaled more than 2 billion yuan, including hydraulics of more than 1.6 billion yuan. After technological transformation and technological breakthroughs, the technical level of a group of major enterprises has been further improved, and the process equipment has been greatly improved, laying a good foundation for the formation of a high starting point, specialization and mass production. In recent years, under the guidance of the principle of common development of multiple ownership systems in the country, small and medium-sized enterprises with different ownerships have emerged rapidly and are showing great vitality. With the further expansion of the country, the three-capital enterprises have developed rapidly, which has played an important role in raising the level of the industry and expanding exports. At present, China has established piston pump/motor, planetary reducer, steering gear, hydraulic control valve, hydraulic system, hydrostatic transmission, hydraulic casting, pneumatic control valve and cylinder with famous manufacturers in the United States, Japan, Germany and other countries. More than 50 joint ventures or wholly-owned enterprises engaged in the production of gas-linking triple-pieces, mechanical seals, rubber-plastic seals, etc., and foreign investment of more than 500 million US dollars.
Essential Series Wood Flooring
Essential Series Wood Flooring,Engineered Wooden Flooring,Hardwood Floorin,Oak Wooden Flooring
Jiangsu Zhenrui Furniture Material Co., Ltd. , https://www.zrfloors.com