In order to further implement the plant protection policy of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and controlâ€, comprehensively plan the medium- and long-term management of wheat stripe rust, increase source control and comprehensive prevention and control, and stabilize the comprehensive production capacity of grain. The Ministry of Agriculture specially formulated wheat stripe rust. The long-term governance guidance is as follows.
(A) The basic idea: to establish and implement the scientific concept of development, implement the "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control" approach to plant protection, establish a continuous governance mechanisms wheat stripe rust, adhere to the "length of integration, tackling the problem, partition management, comprehensive prevention and control" strategy, Based on the governance of the Vietnam area, the control of the winter area is the key, and the prevention of the epidemic area is the focus, and the overall planning is carried out.
(II) Technical route: The key area of ​​prevention and control technology is assembled with the ecological zone as the unit. Adhere to the combination of scientific research and extension, further clarify the epidemic law and regional distribution of wheat stripe rust, accelerate the cultivation and rational distribution of disease-resistant varieties; adhere to the combination of experiment and demonstration, experiment first, demonstration as the key point, establish comprehensive management of wheat stripe rust in different ecological regions Supporting technical system; adhere to the combination of training and publicity, through training courses, compiling publicity materials and organizing on-site meetings, etc., to improve the rate of technology and the rate of participation; adhere to the combination of professional prevention and prevention, and support development Chemical and socialized professional prevention and control organizations to improve the level of scientific prevention and treatment. In addition, it is necessary to establish a material security system that is compatible with the technical route to provide strong support for prevention and control work.
(III) Specific targets of each region: Yuexia District: the source of the transformation of new varieties of wheat stripe rust (the 1400-2000 m wheat area in the south of Anhui Province and the 1800-2800 m wheat area in the northwest of Sichuan), reducing the wheat planting area in the core summer area About 20%. The proportion of resistant varieties is more than 70%, the rate of chemical dressing (coating) is over 80%, the proportion of area controlled by professional service organizations is over 30%, and the average damage rate of the affected areas is controlled below 10%. Winter production area: The proportion of wheat resistant varieties is more than 60%, the rate of chemical dressing (coating) is over 90%, the proportion of professional service organization prevention and control is over 50%, and the average damage rate of the occurrence area is controlled below 5%. Epidemic area: The proportion of wheat resistant varieties is more than 50%, the proportion of professional service organization prevention and control is over 60%, and the average damage rate of the occurrence area is controlled below 3%.
(IV) Technical measures: (1) Yuexia District: China's wheat stripe rust summer area mainly includes northwestern summer area (Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia), northwestern Sichuan province (Ganzi, Aba, Liangshan, etc.), Yunnan Summer area (central, western and northwest, etc.), Xinjiang Yuexia District (Ili, Aksu, Kashi, etc.) and other Yuexia Districts (Northwest Plateau, Southwest Shaanxi and Guanzhong West, Northwest Hubei and Guizhou Western). The region has planted about 20 million mu of wheat all year round, of which the northwest and northwest Sichuan are the core summer wheat rust pathogens, which is the focus of source management.
1. Renovate the summer base. Use biodiversity technology to reduce the area of ​​the source of the bacteria. In the source of the new species of pathogens (1400-2000 meters in the south of Fujian Province, 1800-2800 meters in the northwest of Sichuan Province), the wheat is replanted, and rapeseed, beans, potatoes, Chinese herbal medicines, vegetables, barley, etc. are developed according to local conditions. Crops reduce the area planted with wheat at high altitudes year by year.
2. Optimize the layout of the variety. Planting wheat varieties with large differences in genetic background between winter and endemic areas and endemic areas, adopting multi-resistant source varieties to delay the variation of pathogens. Promote late-time broadcast at appropriate times to avoid the peak period of infection.
3, eradicate self-produced wheat seedlings. In the conventional winter wheat planting area, farmers should be guided to plan for the next crop, and reduce the formation of self-produced wheat seedlings in the field due to the wasteland. In the critical period of the production of bacterial sources in the leisurely self-produced wheat seedlings (mid-September to late October), organized or planned deep-cutting or eradication (the wheat fields harvested in late July and before should be ploughed or eradicated twice). Effectively reduce the source of bacteria.
4. Scientific drug control. Promote wheat seed dressing, reduce the infection rate of autumn seedlings and reduce the early bacterial sources. According to the condition monitoring, drug detection and early prevention are carried out in the autumn and spring wheat stripe rust occurrence period, and the area and extent of control are controlled to effectively reduce the amount of externally transmitted bacteria.
5. Strengthen monitoring and early warning. Carry out the physiological race variation of pathogens and the monitoring of disease resistance of main wheat varieties, do a good job in dynamic monitoring and early warning forecast of wheat stripe rust, improve the accuracy of measurement and report, and provide decision-making basis for comprehensive prevention and control and emergency prevention.
(2) Winter Bulk Area: China's wheat stripe rust winter area mainly includes low mountains, river valleys, mountain dams or plains in the Sichuan Basin, southwestern Shaanxi, southern Henan, Chongqing, northwest Hubei, Guizhou, and Yunnan. In this region, wheat stripe rust bacteria not only can successfully winter, but also can grow on winter wheat, which is a key area for wintering of bacteria, and an important source of spring wheat stripe rust in local and endemic areas. The area planted with wheat in the region is about 30 million mu, which is a key area for reducing the intensity of large-scale epidemics.
1. Select resistant varieties. Eliminate the severely susceptible varieties in recent years, and plant disease-resistant varieties with different resistance sources in the summer and endemic areas. According to the characteristics of ecological regions, more than 5 different resistant varieties are planted in each ecological region.
2. Reasonable crop layout. Promote the layout of multi-resistant varieties, increase the genetic diversity of disease resistance, and prevent the simplification of varieties. Dry combined restructuring, promotion intercropping and interplanting other crops wheat and barley, beans, vegetables, corn and potatoes.
3. Strengthen system monitoring. Strengthen the field disease investigation, master the epidemic dynamics, systematically monitor the pathogenicity of the pathogens, drug resistance and disease resistance of the main varieties, and timely publish the disease forecast to provide a scientific basis for large-scale prevention and control.
4, prevention and treatment of scientific medicine. And prevention of the onset of autumn to carry out Yaojibanzhong wheat, reducing bacteria source before spring. Spring to control center and the central disease onset focus groups, selected triazole fungicides efficiency and low toxicity, with drugs reconnaissance, security dot surface, and the degree of control of the local occurrence area, reducing the amount of rumor source bacteria.
(3) endemic areas: China's wheat stripe rust epidemic area is mainly distributed in the North China Plain, the Yangtze River most of the winter wheat growing areas, the main wheat producing areas of quality wheat and most important commodity grain base. The region has planted about 200 million mu of wheat all year round, which is the focus of prevention and control.
1. Promote disease-resistant varieties. Promote the cultivation of disease-resistant varieties with different resistance sources in winter and cross-summer areas. According to the characteristics of ecological regions, more than 3 different resistant varieties are planted in each ecological region.
2. Strengthen monitoring and early warning. Accurately grasp the development trend of the disease in the winter area, strengthen the field monitoring survey, and combine the local climate change situation, timely release the medium and short-term forecast, so as to achieve early detection and early warning.
3. Carry out scientific prevention and control. Vigorously promote the seed dressing and seed coating, and take measures such as “taking drugs to detect, discovering one point, and preventing one piece†in the seedling stage, and controlling the disease center and the central disease group to prevent the spread of wheat stripe rust in a large area. In the middle and late period, the emergency prevention and control will be strengthened to control the widespread epidemic of wheat stripe rust. (anonymous)
Source of information: Sichuan Science and Technology News
(A) The basic idea: to establish and implement the scientific concept of development, implement the "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control" approach to plant protection, establish a continuous governance mechanisms wheat stripe rust, adhere to the "length of integration, tackling the problem, partition management, comprehensive prevention and control" strategy, Based on the governance of the Vietnam area, the control of the winter area is the key, and the prevention of the epidemic area is the focus, and the overall planning is carried out.
(II) Technical route: The key area of ​​prevention and control technology is assembled with the ecological zone as the unit. Adhere to the combination of scientific research and extension, further clarify the epidemic law and regional distribution of wheat stripe rust, accelerate the cultivation and rational distribution of disease-resistant varieties; adhere to the combination of experiment and demonstration, experiment first, demonstration as the key point, establish comprehensive management of wheat stripe rust in different ecological regions Supporting technical system; adhere to the combination of training and publicity, through training courses, compiling publicity materials and organizing on-site meetings, etc., to improve the rate of technology and the rate of participation; adhere to the combination of professional prevention and prevention, and support development Chemical and socialized professional prevention and control organizations to improve the level of scientific prevention and treatment. In addition, it is necessary to establish a material security system that is compatible with the technical route to provide strong support for prevention and control work.
(III) Specific targets of each region: Yuexia District: the source of the transformation of new varieties of wheat stripe rust (the 1400-2000 m wheat area in the south of Anhui Province and the 1800-2800 m wheat area in the northwest of Sichuan), reducing the wheat planting area in the core summer area About 20%. The proportion of resistant varieties is more than 70%, the rate of chemical dressing (coating) is over 80%, the proportion of area controlled by professional service organizations is over 30%, and the average damage rate of the affected areas is controlled below 10%. Winter production area: The proportion of wheat resistant varieties is more than 60%, the rate of chemical dressing (coating) is over 90%, the proportion of professional service organization prevention and control is over 50%, and the average damage rate of the occurrence area is controlled below 5%. Epidemic area: The proportion of wheat resistant varieties is more than 50%, the proportion of professional service organization prevention and control is over 60%, and the average damage rate of the occurrence area is controlled below 3%.
(IV) Technical measures: (1) Yuexia District: China's wheat stripe rust summer area mainly includes northwestern summer area (Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia), northwestern Sichuan province (Ganzi, Aba, Liangshan, etc.), Yunnan Summer area (central, western and northwest, etc.), Xinjiang Yuexia District (Ili, Aksu, Kashi, etc.) and other Yuexia Districts (Northwest Plateau, Southwest Shaanxi and Guanzhong West, Northwest Hubei and Guizhou Western). The region has planted about 20 million mu of wheat all year round, of which the northwest and northwest Sichuan are the core summer wheat rust pathogens, which is the focus of source management.
1. Renovate the summer base. Use biodiversity technology to reduce the area of ​​the source of the bacteria. In the source of the new species of pathogens (1400-2000 meters in the south of Fujian Province, 1800-2800 meters in the northwest of Sichuan Province), the wheat is replanted, and rapeseed, beans, potatoes, Chinese herbal medicines, vegetables, barley, etc. are developed according to local conditions. Crops reduce the area planted with wheat at high altitudes year by year.
2. Optimize the layout of the variety. Planting wheat varieties with large differences in genetic background between winter and endemic areas and endemic areas, adopting multi-resistant source varieties to delay the variation of pathogens. Promote late-time broadcast at appropriate times to avoid the peak period of infection.
3, eradicate self-produced wheat seedlings. In the conventional winter wheat planting area, farmers should be guided to plan for the next crop, and reduce the formation of self-produced wheat seedlings in the field due to the wasteland. In the critical period of the production of bacterial sources in the leisurely self-produced wheat seedlings (mid-September to late October), organized or planned deep-cutting or eradication (the wheat fields harvested in late July and before should be ploughed or eradicated twice). Effectively reduce the source of bacteria.
4. Scientific drug control. Promote wheat seed dressing, reduce the infection rate of autumn seedlings and reduce the early bacterial sources. According to the condition monitoring, drug detection and early prevention are carried out in the autumn and spring wheat stripe rust occurrence period, and the area and extent of control are controlled to effectively reduce the amount of externally transmitted bacteria.
5. Strengthen monitoring and early warning. Carry out the physiological race variation of pathogens and the monitoring of disease resistance of main wheat varieties, do a good job in dynamic monitoring and early warning forecast of wheat stripe rust, improve the accuracy of measurement and report, and provide decision-making basis for comprehensive prevention and control and emergency prevention.
(2) Winter Bulk Area: China's wheat stripe rust winter area mainly includes low mountains, river valleys, mountain dams or plains in the Sichuan Basin, southwestern Shaanxi, southern Henan, Chongqing, northwest Hubei, Guizhou, and Yunnan. In this region, wheat stripe rust bacteria not only can successfully winter, but also can grow on winter wheat, which is a key area for wintering of bacteria, and an important source of spring wheat stripe rust in local and endemic areas. The area planted with wheat in the region is about 30 million mu, which is a key area for reducing the intensity of large-scale epidemics.
1. Select resistant varieties. Eliminate the severely susceptible varieties in recent years, and plant disease-resistant varieties with different resistance sources in the summer and endemic areas. According to the characteristics of ecological regions, more than 5 different resistant varieties are planted in each ecological region.
2. Reasonable crop layout. Promote the layout of multi-resistant varieties, increase the genetic diversity of disease resistance, and prevent the simplification of varieties. Dry combined restructuring, promotion intercropping and interplanting other crops wheat and barley, beans, vegetables, corn and potatoes.
3. Strengthen system monitoring. Strengthen the field disease investigation, master the epidemic dynamics, systematically monitor the pathogenicity of the pathogens, drug resistance and disease resistance of the main varieties, and timely publish the disease forecast to provide a scientific basis for large-scale prevention and control.
4, prevention and treatment of scientific medicine. And prevention of the onset of autumn to carry out Yaojibanzhong wheat, reducing bacteria source before spring. Spring to control center and the central disease onset focus groups, selected triazole fungicides efficiency and low toxicity, with drugs reconnaissance, security dot surface, and the degree of control of the local occurrence area, reducing the amount of rumor source bacteria.
(3) endemic areas: China's wheat stripe rust epidemic area is mainly distributed in the North China Plain, the Yangtze River most of the winter wheat growing areas, the main wheat producing areas of quality wheat and most important commodity grain base. The region has planted about 200 million mu of wheat all year round, which is the focus of prevention and control.
1. Promote disease-resistant varieties. Promote the cultivation of disease-resistant varieties with different resistance sources in winter and cross-summer areas. According to the characteristics of ecological regions, more than 3 different resistant varieties are planted in each ecological region.
2. Strengthen monitoring and early warning. Accurately grasp the development trend of the disease in the winter area, strengthen the field monitoring survey, and combine the local climate change situation, timely release the medium and short-term forecast, so as to achieve early detection and early warning.
3. Carry out scientific prevention and control. Vigorously promote the seed dressing and seed coating, and take measures such as “taking drugs to detect, discovering one point, and preventing one piece†in the seedling stage, and controlling the disease center and the central disease group to prevent the spread of wheat stripe rust in a large area. In the middle and late period, the emergency prevention and control will be strengthened to control the widespread epidemic of wheat stripe rust. (anonymous)
Source of information: Sichuan Science and Technology News
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