Cotton can be divided into 5 growth and development periods, namely, seeding and emergence period, about 10 to 15 days; seedling stage, about 40 to 45 days; bud period, about 25 to 30 days; flowering and bolling period, about 60 to 70 days; Period, 40 to 70 days. Cotton requires a large amount of fertilizer. For every 100 kg of lint produced (about 350 kg of seed cotton), it needs to absorb nitrogen (n) 13.35 to 13.8 kg, phosphorus (p2o5) 4.65 to 4.8 kg, and potassium ( K2o) 13.35 ~ 14.4 kg, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium absorption ratio is generally 1 (0.34 (1. cotton vegetative growth and reproductive growth parallel period is long, in production should be through the rational regulation of nutrients, do High-yield can be achieved by gradual advancement of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The emergence of seedlings to buds, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounted for 3% to 4.5% of the total absorption; the buds to the first flowers, accounting for about 30%; Flowers ~ full bloom, are more than 60%; bolls ~ harvest, are within 8%, low only accounted for 1% to 3%. According to this, the principle of cotton fertilization is: apply enough base fertilizer, stable seedling, bud fertilizer, Reapply the flower bell fertilizer and apply the topping fertilizer.
First, apply enough base fertilizer. Cotton is a deep-rooted crop with long growth period, large growth, and high requirements for soil fertility. Applying base fertilizer is the basis for high-yield cotton. It should apply 3,000-5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, with all phosphate fertilizer, most potassium fertilizer and some nitrogen fertilizer. Spread before the arable land. For zinc-deficient and boron-deficient plots, 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulphate and 0.5 to 1 kg of borax may be applied in an acre. For dryland cotton fields and Xinjiang and other areas, many studies and practices have shown that not only organic fertilizers, but also all the fertilizers needed for the entire growth period, are used as a single application of base fertilizer, which is better than the three-stage application. In non-arid areas and cotton fields with irrigation conditions, it is better to use base fertilizer and top dressing. In the Huang, Huai, and Hai areas, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other cotton areas, you can apply 20-20-10 plus Borde Cargill cotton fertilizer or 19-19-19, 17-17-17, 15-15 -15 and other cargage general fertilizer 30 to 40 kg, before the arable land.
Second, steady application of seedling bud fertilizer. The amount of nutrients required from cotton seedling to bud stage is small, nitrogen accounts for only 4.5% of total nitrogen uptake, phosphorus accounts for 3% to 3.4%, and potassium accounts for 3.7% to 4%. In the case of the base fertilizer, the seedling stage is generally no longer topdressing. The bud period has entered the parallel stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. It is necessary to set up a shelf for high yield and prevent cotton from growing. In this period, the topdressing is stable. According to the basis of early fertilization, depending on the growth of cotton fields, consider Topdressing or urea 8 to 10 kg.
Third, re-apply flower bell fertilizer. After flowering, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the cotton plant entered a prosperous period, and gradually shifted to the period of reproductive growth. The stem, branch and leaf area all grew to the maximum, and at the same time, a large number of flowering and ringing, dry matter accumulation The largest amount, the longest duration, and the largest nutrient demand are the key periods for topdressing and must be re-applied. In this period, the topdressing fertilizer is mainly nitrogen, suitable for phosphorus supplementation and potassium supplementation, and can be applied to the varieties of Jiajiji topdressing (32-6-12, 24-4-12, 34-0-16, 32-0-8, 30-0- 10) 25 to 35 kg, ditching or applying, and covering the soil in time. In cotton fields with irrigation conditions, top dressing combined with watering is best.
Fourth, the application of top cover fertilizer. After the cotton plant Xiehua, cotton bolls are formed in large quantities. To prevent premature fat loss and premature aging, 0.5%~1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves, once every 7 to 10 days, for 3 to 4 times.
5. Two points must be clarified: base fertilizer and flower bell fertilizer are the two key fertilizations that determine cotton yield, while seedlings, buds and topping fertilizers are the three periods that should be concerned, but not all three times. In practice, Rarely applied. The application of chlorine-containing compound fertilizer on cotton is often better than that of sulfur-containing fertilizer. The cotton has strong chlorine resistance. Applying chlorine-containing fertilizer on the vast non-salt alkaline soil cotton field can increase the length and tension of cotton fiber and increase the yield and quality. .
First, apply enough base fertilizer. Cotton is a deep-rooted crop with long growth period, large growth, and high requirements for soil fertility. Applying base fertilizer is the basis for high-yield cotton. It should apply 3,000-5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu, with all phosphate fertilizer, most potassium fertilizer and some nitrogen fertilizer. Spread before the arable land. For zinc-deficient and boron-deficient plots, 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulphate and 0.5 to 1 kg of borax may be applied in an acre. For dryland cotton fields and Xinjiang and other areas, many studies and practices have shown that not only organic fertilizers, but also all the fertilizers needed for the entire growth period, are used as a single application of base fertilizer, which is better than the three-stage application. In non-arid areas and cotton fields with irrigation conditions, it is better to use base fertilizer and top dressing. In the Huang, Huai, and Hai areas, such as Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan and other cotton areas, you can apply 20-20-10 plus Borde Cargill cotton fertilizer or 19-19-19, 17-17-17, 15-15 -15 and other cargage general fertilizer 30 to 40 kg, before the arable land.
Second, steady application of seedling bud fertilizer. The amount of nutrients required from cotton seedling to bud stage is small, nitrogen accounts for only 4.5% of total nitrogen uptake, phosphorus accounts for 3% to 3.4%, and potassium accounts for 3.7% to 4%. In the case of the base fertilizer, the seedling stage is generally no longer topdressing. The bud period has entered the parallel stage of vegetative growth and reproductive growth. It is necessary to set up a shelf for high yield and prevent cotton from growing. In this period, the topdressing is stable. According to the basis of early fertilization, depending on the growth of cotton fields, consider Topdressing or urea 8 to 10 kg.
Third, re-apply flower bell fertilizer. After flowering, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the cotton plant entered a prosperous period, and gradually shifted to the period of reproductive growth. The stem, branch and leaf area all grew to the maximum, and at the same time, a large number of flowering and ringing, dry matter accumulation The largest amount, the longest duration, and the largest nutrient demand are the key periods for topdressing and must be re-applied. In this period, the topdressing fertilizer is mainly nitrogen, suitable for phosphorus supplementation and potassium supplementation, and can be applied to the varieties of Jiajiji topdressing (32-6-12, 24-4-12, 34-0-16, 32-0-8, 30-0- 10) 25 to 35 kg, ditching or applying, and covering the soil in time. In cotton fields with irrigation conditions, top dressing combined with watering is best.
Fourth, the application of top cover fertilizer. After the cotton plant Xiehua, cotton bolls are formed in large quantities. To prevent premature fat loss and premature aging, 0.5%~1.0% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves, once every 7 to 10 days, for 3 to 4 times.
5. Two points must be clarified: base fertilizer and flower bell fertilizer are the two key fertilizations that determine cotton yield, while seedlings, buds and topping fertilizers are the three periods that should be concerned, but not all three times. In practice, Rarely applied. The application of chlorine-containing compound fertilizer on cotton is often better than that of sulfur-containing fertilizer. The cotton has strong chlorine resistance. Applying chlorine-containing fertilizer on the vast non-salt alkaline soil cotton field can increase the length and tension of cotton fiber and increase the yield and quality. .
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