Glass curtain wall is a unique design in modern architecture. It not only reflects the best combination of architecture and aesthetic structure design, but also perfectly reflects the various functions of glass. Such as the permeability of the glass curtain wall, the best through the glass line of sight, the maximum visual field, so that the internal and external environment of the building are connected and harmonious. The glass curtain wall has good process performance. The glass curtain wall supporting components are processed meticulously. The smooth surface has a good sense of craftsmanship and art. It can adapt to any geometric shape and produce rich changes in the building's shape, which can fully reflect the imagination and creativity of the designer. . One of the biggest highlights of the current use of glass curtain walls is the use of a variety of energy-saving curtain wall glass that significantly reduces the energy consumption of buildings. In spite of this, in the past period of time, many construction projects have been plagued by glass curtain walls. Some glass curtain walls have received attention from all walks of life for their broken glass and falling glass.
There are many problems that tend to exist in glass curtain walls, such as glass breakage, failure of structural adhesives, poor fireproof performance of glass curtain walls, failure of glass curtain wall support structures, and failure of glass curtain wall fixing devices. Here we analyze and demonstrate various problems existing in glass curtain walls. And explore ways to find solutions to problems.
Glass blast caused by nickel sulfide
There are many reasons for causing glass breakage. The analysis and demonstration of the glass breakage caused by nickel sulfide and thermal stress are mainly given below.
Nickel sulphide is an unavoidable harmful impurity in the glass production process. Nickel sulphide itself does not cause any damage to the glass. However, when the curtain wall glass containing nickel sulphide is installed in the curtain wall, the volume of the nickel sulphide is slightly increased due to the increase of the external temperature. The change causes tiny cracks inside the glass. These cracks penetrate the tension layer of the tempered glass and release the internal energy, causing the glass to break.
The solution is to start with the source and the glass manufacturer should monitor the glass manufacturing process to minimize the contact between the nickel-containing material and the glass raw material. Secondly, after monitoring the installation of curtain wall glass, foreign countries have used photographic methods to detect the presence of nickel sulphide impurities. If it is contained, necessary replacements must be made in time to prevent injury after the glass is broken. It is also possible to replace monolithic tempered glass and tempered hollow glass with laminated glass. In this case, if the impurities of nickel sulphide are broken due to deformation, the chips will still adhere to the film so as not to cause glass rain and damage the ground personnel.
Glass breakage caused by thermal stress
Thermal stress is an important cause of the crushing of glass curtain walls. There are many reasons for the heat of the glass curtain wall, but the main source of heat is sunlight. When the sun shines on the surface of the glass curtain wall, the glass will be thermally expanded. If the glass is heated evenly, the edge of the glass and the center of the glass will expand at the same time, but if the edge Non-uniform heating of the interior of the glass and the glass will produce tensile stress in the glass. When there are cracks or micro cracks on the edges of the glass, these crucibles are easily affected by thermal stress. As the temperature difference increases, the thermal stress causes cracks gradually. The increase eventually caused the glass to break.
The solution is to first finish the edge of the glass and use fine-edged or polished edges to reduce the presence of micro cracks; second is to temper the glass to enhance the glass's ability to resist temperature changes; the third is in glass. During processing, handling and installation, the glass must be properly protected. Be careful not to collide or rub the edges of the glass with other hard objects. Observe the operating procedures strictly, especially during the installation if the frame is not suitable (too small or distorted Deformation), we must remember not to clamp off the glass corners with pliers, be sure to correct the frame to adapt to the size of the glass.
Glass curtain wall has poor fire protection
The glass curtain wall is an incombustible material, but it can be softened or even melted in the face of a fiery fire. Therefore, in building design, we must fully consider the building's fire protection requirements. The fireproof effect, fire-resistance integrity, and fire-resisting and heat-insulating property of the general glass curtain wall are very low. In a fiery fire, glass breakage will occur within a short time.
The solution is that in the actual construction process, the designer will carry out different designs according to the different fire protection requirements of the building. For buildings with general fire protection requirements, glass is made of glass bricks, tempered glass, small flat glass, etc. For buildings with higher fire protection requirements, curtain glass is made of wire-bonded glass, monolithic fireproof glass, composite fireproof glass, and fireproof insulating glass. The composite fireproof glass is currently the most widely used fireproof curtain wall glass. When a fire occurs, the fireproof glass is heated and burst for a certain period of time. However, due to the presence of the fireproof film, the glass is adhered to the film and does not fall, and the glass is maintained. Integrity. At the same time, since the film itself has a fire-retardant effect, it not only blocks the spread of fire, but also ensures that the temperature of the back-fire surface does not rise rapidly, and controls the spread of fire.
Curtain wall glass structural adhesive failure
Glass curtain walls have long been affected by the unfavorable factors of the natural environment, such as wind, sun, rain, ultraviolet rays, earthquakes, etc., so the glass curtain walls must have weather resistance, durability, corrosion resistance, as a bonding material. Structural adhesives have become the focus of attention. In Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, the earliest cities that used glass curtain walls, incidents of glass curtain wall fall occurred from time to time. How to measure the failure of a piece of glass structural adhesive can be said to be more difficult, but to ensure the safety of people and vehicles, if The large-scale replacement of glass curtain walls is a huge expenditure. In the face of this situation, the owners are in a dilemma.
The solution is to firstly restrict the use of hidden glass curtain walls, and must protect the glass curtain walls that have passed the quality assurance period, such as setting up fences, green belts, hanging curtains to prevent fall from the glass curtain walls, and passing pedestrians. vehicle. Followed by the use of a clear-frame, semi-hidden frame glass curtain wall, because even if the structural adhesive fails, due to the support and constraints of the frame, the chance of dropping the glass will be greatly reduced.
Glass curtain wall support structure failure
Not all problems with glass curtain walls are caused by the glass itself. Sometimes the failure of the frame structure supporting the glass will cause problems with the glass curtain wall. The frame structure used to support the glass is often the weak link of the glass curtain wall. If the original frame system design is unreasonable, the frame structure cannot withstand the gravity in the building, and then it will deform and eventually lead to glass breakage.
The solution is to perform anti-fatigue experiments on the frame structure during the design process, and then design the corresponding curtain wall glass according to its anti-fatigue capacity to prevent the frame from being overloaded for a long time.
Failure of glass curtain fasteners
All glass curtain walls rely on fasteners to unite the curtain wall and fix it on the building. However, unpredictable defects in the fastener fixing device may cause serious structural problems and even cause the glass of the curtain wall to fall.
The solution is to perform the necessary inspections on fasteners before installing the glass curtain wall, and install and use them on site after passing the inspection. In addition, for the curtain wall glass fall caused by the loosening of the fixed bolts, during the actual construction process, special locking nuts are used to lock the bolts to prevent the bolts from slipping and failing, or a specific washer is used to ensure that the bolts do not fall off after being fastened.
Other problems caused by glass curtain wall
The above problems caused by the glass curtain wall are due to the large-area use of glass curtain walls. Light pollution, color pollution, and thermal pollution are some problems that cannot be ignored. Although glass curtain walls have such problems, but as designers, producers, users as long as they fully understand and avoid weaknesses, then the glass curtain wall is still a highlight of modern architecture.
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