Modified chemical fiber – the innovative potential of textile industry reform Dr. W. Loy (Germany)
Abstract: In general, textile products produced using optimized yarn production processes, fabric weaving techniques and dye finishing processes will have new properties and open up new applications. However, in the field of taking and decoration, especially in the industrial and medical fields, the innovative textiles used are based on modified chemical fibers, but this is rarely mentioned.
Keywords: chemical fiber, modification, textile, innovative and innovative chemical fiber structure modification is mainly reflected in two aspects: modification of standard synthetic polymer and recycled polymer, and use of polyaromatic, polyheterocyclic and non- The regular structure is modified. Among them, there are usually two methods for modifying standard synthetic polymers and recycled polymers:
- changing the chemical structure of the polymer;
- Changing the morphological characteristics of the polymer.
1. Modification of Standard Synthetic Polymers and Recycled Polymers High-strength fibers, socks fibers, thermoplastic elastomer fibers, and hot-melt fibers can be obtained by adding monomers of different properties to linear polyester polymers. Produce the fibers of the desired properties according to the application requirements of the final product. The polyamide fibers can also be modified in the same manner. Copolymerization of different monomers allows polyacrylonitrile to have special dyeability and flame retardancy, and fibers can also be used as a homopolymer in concrete structures to enhance.
Among the polyolefins, polyethylene fiber is worthy of attention. The fiber has extremely high strength due to its relatively high relative molecular mass and crystallinity, and the resulting fabric has a relatively low areal density but extremely high strength. Similarly, after changing the ratio of the soft and soft segments of the linear polymer, the thermal properties and stress-strain properties of the polyurethane filaments produced by the addition polymerization can be significantly improved, and the modified chips can be produced in a targeted manner as needed.
In linear polymers, new product properties such as ion exchange, differential dyeing, and the like can be obtained by grafting functional groups on the side chains of the copolymer. The variation produced by the side chain segment also plays an important role, such as the acetate group in polyvinyl acetate, the degree of saponification or the number of side groups of -OH determines whether the final product is high-strength or water-soluble.
The addition of additives allows the standard polymer with modifying function to continue to change. For example, an antibacterial product can be obtained by adding a silver ion complex, and a tempering product can be obtained by adding a PCM microcapsule, and an antistatic product or a shielding product can be obtained by adding carbon or copper ions.
Chitin fibers produced from polysaccharide chitin have antibacterial properties and other functionalities. The modified soy protein fiber and the alginate-added Lyocell fiber have excellent affinity with the skin.
Bicomponent fibers, based on changes in the production process, use two different standard polymers, including S/S, M/K or M/F adducts, to develop new products, such as synthetic leather.
2. Changes in fiber structure morphology In order to obtain the final functional properties of the product, changing the fiber structure is the most straightforward method. For example, a multilobal fiber cross section provides a material with high water absorption. Other cross-sectional shapes result in thermal conditioning, stain repellency, pilling resistance, or special optical and visual effects.
Cellulose fibers with smooth fiber surfaces and corrugated fibers can be used to produce disposable, highly absorbent, environmentally friendly products. Metal fibers with cracked fibers on the surface can be used to produce gas and liquid filter materials with precise filtration capabilities. Hollow fibers (such as polyester fibers) have a thermal regulation function that produces unquestionable physiological effects. The far-reaching significance of changing the morphology of the fiber structure can be illustrated by analyzing the properties of the fine-denier microfibers and nanofibers. Microfibers and nanofibers have good visual effects, feel and performance in the production of clothing products, and because of their special surface structure, they can be used in the field of high-grade filter materials, and have achieved certain results.
3. Polyaromatic, polyheterocyclic, irregular fiber structure modification Polyaromatic, polyheterocyclic, irregular structure of the fiber is generally classified as a special high-performance fiber, used in special fields. The high-strength and high-modulus fibers obtained by modifying the polymer can be used to produce various composite materials, such as textile reinforced plastics, concrete lightweight structural parts, geotextiles, bulletproof stab-resistant clothing, tire reinforcement materials, safety protection materials, and automobile safety. Airbags, or special materials for purifying hot air in the field of environmental protection.
4. Chemical fiber modification has become a new topic in the field of textile research The current achievements in chemical fiber modification are based on a variety of modified and modified chemical fiber expertise. And in the university, the discipline that takes the textile profession as the research direction is classified in the textile material sector.
In recent years, the innovation of the textile industry has promoted the development of new textile products, not only in the optimization of yarn production process, fabric production process and dyeing finishing process, but also the modification of various performance chemical fibers. The chemical fiber varieties currently available for use can be used as design materials for textile technology development projects. This is undoubtedly a driving force for the majority of textile designers.
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