First, the symptoms
1. Apple root disease: It mainly damages the root neck and main root, invades from the root or root and neck wounds, develops rapidly, and expands up and down along the trunk and main roots, and cuts off all the transport tissues in a circle, making the bark large. The large block of death and stripping caused the water and nutrient transport to be blocked, causing the diseased plant to die completely. Peeling the bark reveals a white to pale yellow umbrella-like mycelium layer.
2, apple white rickets: mainly occurs in the roots and neck, it is also known as the base rot. In the early stage, white hyphae formed on the surface, and the epidermis was water-stained brown lesions; the white hyphae layer in the silky period covered the root neck, hence the name white rickets. After the root cortex rots, it has a distiller's taste and overflows with brown juice.
3, apple white feather disease: the initial damage to fine roots, so that fine root mold, and then extended to the lateral roots and main roots. The surface of the diseased root is entangled with a white or gray-white mesh, and the mildewed tissue disappears in the later stage, and the outer cork layer is sheathed under the xylem.
4, apple purple plume disease: First, the roots of the roots are susceptible, gradually extended to the lateral roots and the main roots. The surface of the diseased department is entangled with many loose purple velvets, that is, hyphae and fungus, shaped like feathers, hence the name, and can extend to the soil outside the roots. The growth of the upper part of the diseased tree was weak, the leaves became smaller, the leaves became lighter, and finally the whole plant withered and died.
Second, prevention and treatment methods
1. Strengthen cultivation management
(1) Do a good job of drainage: Fruit trees are not resistant to cockroaches. Before the rainy season, digging the drainage ditch, removing accumulated water and excessive water in time, reducing the groundwater level and soil water content, and avoiding water accumulation.
(2) Fertilization in the garden: From September to October after picking the fruit, deep turn the orchard, re-apply the base fertilizer, the fertilizer is full of elements, and the farmland fertilizer and green manure with more organic matter are used to improve the barren soil as soon as possible into loose and fertile soil. Thereby improving the water, fertilizer, gas and heat of the rhizosphere soil. Create good growth conditions for the roots.
(3) Adding lime: The orchard with acidity in the soil, combined with cultivating and weeding in the growing season, adding appropriate amount of lime, and adjusting the pH to above 6.5 to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and create an environment that is not conducive to the disease.
(4) Reasonable load: Do not increase the output by increasing the number of results. Otherwise, the tree will be weak, fruitful and of poor quality. Trees with excessive flowering and fruit should be thinned and thinned, and carefully cultivated to protect the roots and roots from harm, so as to reduce the path of pathogens and enhance disease resistance. There are no hedgehogs around the orchard.
2, timely treatment of diseased plants to prevent the spread of disease
(1) Ditching blockade: When the diseased plant or diseased plant is first seen, immediately open the deep ditch blockade under the drip line around the diseased plant, and pour 5 waves of sulphur sulphur mixture to prevent the root of the disease from coming into contact with the roots of the neighboring fruit trees to prevent disease. spread.
(2) Root-cleaning: Check the soil of the tree tray, the disease is heavy, cut off the completely rotted roots, scrape the rotted cortex and wood of the diseased part, and bring out the orchard to burn. After scraping, the diseased part and the surrounding soil are poured with 5 bume of sulphur sulphur mixture. After drying, apply 2 to 4 times of rot and cure in the diseased part for disinfection and treatment; if it is during the rainy season, it should be dried for 15 to 20 days. And then use the disease-free soil to cover the reduction.
(3) Timely topdressing: trees with many roots rotted, in the disease stage, due to serious impact on the absorption, transportation and exchange of nutrients, resulting in insufficient nutrients in the tree, so after the above treatment, it should be topdressed in time to supplement nutrients and Promote new root growth.
(Yan Rong)
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