Do a good job of “throttle” mineral resources to promote ecological civilization

In recent years, as mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization continue to heat up, the forum on this aspect has naturally become one of the hot forums at the China International Mining Conference. Since the last conference opened the Mineral Resources Saving and Comprehensive Utilization Forum for the first time, this key “column” has been retained again at this International Mining Conference.

“The success of mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization is closely related to advanced applicable technologies. In recent years, the state has adopted a series of measures to strongly encourage and support mining enterprises to innovate and apply advanced technologies, especially in the guidance of special resources for mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization. Under the circumstance, many scientific research units and mining enterprises have developed a large number of advanced and applicable technologies.” Yao Huajun, the moderator of the forum and the president of the China National Land Resources Research Institute, said at a glance, “With this forum, exchange advanced technologies and promote relevant experiences and practices. It will play an important role in promoting the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources."

Saving resources is imperative

“The reason why China must attach great importance to the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources is not only to deal with the special resources and the challenges of resource supply in specific development stages, but also based on the comprehensive consideration of environmental protection and economic upgrading.” Department of Reserves, Ministry of Land and Resources Deputy Director Xu Dachun said.

Mineral resources are an important material basis for supporting the national economy. The development and utilization of China's mineral resources has provided an important material basis for the sustained and rapid economic and social development of the reform and opening up for more than 30 years. At present, China is in a critical period of building a well-off society in an all-round way. New industrialization, informationization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization are rapidly advancing simultaneously, resource demand is concentrated and released, and rigidity is rising, while resource supply is rigidly restricted, especially for per capita resources and quality. Insufficient resources, per capita proven mineral resources reserves only accounted for 58% of the world average, low-grade, co-concurrent, difficult to choose smelting and other resources and national conditions further aggravated the contradiction between China's resource demand and supply.

As far as iron ore is concerned, China is the fourth largest iron ore resource country in the world, but the level of resource development and utilization is low, and it is difficult to meet the needs of the rapid development of the national economy. The problem with its existence is that it is difficult to develop and utilize iron ore resources. China's proven reserves of iron ore resources amounted to 74.4 billion tons, but the resource conditions were inherently insufficient, and there were "poor, fine, miscellaneous, and scattered" characteristics. The lean iron ore accounts for more than 97%, and the average grade is only 33%; the mineral crystal grain size is fine, complex and difficult to choose; the multi-component associated minerals are more, and the comprehensive utilization is difficult; the small and medium-sized mineral deposits are more distributed, and the distribution is relatively dispersed, thus restricting the development and utilization. scale.

"The most fundamental cause of the problem is that China's iron ore resources are rich and poor, and there is a lack of systematic research and breakthrough innovations in the development and utilization technologies and management models of poor iron ore. The problem of large-scale industrial utilization has not been solved." Anshan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. Shao Anlin, deputy general manager, said: "China is the fastest-growing economy in the world, and resource contradictions are more prominent. Promoting the efficient development and utilization of iron ore resources and achieving sustainable development is a major and urgent strategic task."

"The reality that the basic national conditions cannot be changed, the development stage cannot be exceeded, and the ecological civilization must be promoted determines that we can no longer take the old road of excessive consumption of resources. We must promote the banner of saving and intensive, and embark on a resource-saving and intensive use of new roads," Xu Dachun said.

Faced with the grim situation of tight resource constraints, serious environmental pollution, and degraded ecosystems, the Chinese government has a long-term vision and put forward a new "five-in-one" pattern, vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization, and conserve resources as the fundamental for environmental protection. Policy. It can be said that under the macro background of economic transformation and upgrading and defusing severe overcapacity, mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization have undoubtedly ushered in an unprecedented development opportunity.

Saving resources is the fundamental policy for protecting the environment and an urgent requirement for promoting economic upgrading and developing a circular economy. Xu Dachun believes that the key to achieving the development goals of 2020 is to promote economic transformation, superimpose the dividends of reform, the potential of domestic demand, and the vitality of innovation to form new impetus, and to make quality and efficiency, employment and income, and the environment. There is a new upgrade in protection and resource conservation to create an upgraded version of the Chinese economy.

According to the circular economy development strategy and the objective requirements of the IPA, by 2015, China's energy output rate is 14,700 yuan / ton of standard coal, an increase of 18.5% over 2010; the total recovery rate of mineral resources is 40%, 5 times higher than 2010. %; the comprehensive utilization rate of the associated minerals is 45%, which is 5% higher than that in 2010; the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste is 3.126 billion tons, which is 93.2% higher than that in 2010; the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste is 72%, which is 3% higher than that in 2010. . These have put forward new and higher requirements for the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources.

At the same time, saving resources is still an urgent requirement to resolve the contradiction of excessive excess capacity. Recently, the State Council issued the "Guiding Opinions on Resolving the Contradictions of Severe Overcapacity in Production Capacity", clearly pointing out that resolving the contradiction of serious excess capacity is the focus of the current and future period to promote industrial restructuring. It is required to give play to the role of the main body of the enterprise market, strengthen the sense of corporate responsibility; strengthen the market supply and demand trend research and information guidance, comprehensively apply the law, the economy and the necessary macro-control measures to strengthen policy coordination, form a synergy to resolve the serious excess of production capacity and guide the healthy development of the industry. .

"Steel, cement, electrolytic aluminum, etc. are the key points. These industries are closely related to the development and utilization of resources. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the conservation and comprehensive utilization of the development link and eliminate backward production capacity." Xu Dachun said.

Incentive and restraint mechanism is getting better and better

The conservation and intensive use of mineral resources is a major strategic deployment made by the Chinese government according to the special conditions of the country and the special development stage. In recent years, the Ministry of Land and Resources, as the competent department of mineral resources, in accordance with "innovative public services, strengthen supervision and management, to "touch the situation, build standards, push technology, and implement" as the main line, to stimulate market entities to create vitality, enhance conservation and comprehensive The overall idea of ​​using endogenous power, creatively carrying out work under the strong support of the financial department, industry associations, mining enterprises, etc., comprehensively applying economic policies, technical policies and necessary administrative measures to continuously improve the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. The incentive and restraint mechanism has created a new situation.

Giving full play to the policy-oriented role and mobilizing and enhancing the enthusiasm of mining enterprises is the highlight of China's mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization in recent years. In 2010, the Ministry of Land and Resources organized and implemented a special project for the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, and initiated the construction of the first batch of 40 comprehensive utilization demonstration bases, which achieved outstanding results in the “three rates”, mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization. 1045 mining companies have been rewarded and supported 408 key projects for conservation and comprehensive utilization. In the past three years, the central government has arranged a special fund of 9.522 billion yuan. At the same time, the Ministry of Land and Resources regulates the collection of compensation fees, strictly determines the coefficient of mining recovery rate, standardizes the sales revenue of mineral products, strengthens the collection of mineral resources compensation fees and the mining recovery rate coefficient, and gives full play to the guidance and regulation of mining recovery rate coefficient. .

"This is an important attempt of economic incentives in the mining industry, giving full play to the leverage effect of fiscal funds, greatly promoting the enthusiasm of mining enterprises to carry out conservation and comprehensive utilization." Xu Dachun said that in order to strengthen the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources To supervise and manage and improve the efficiency of the use of central financial funds, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Finance have carried out the evaluation of the performance of mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization to award and reward funds, and clarified the evaluation targets, evaluation indicators and standards, and evaluation procedures.

The specialization of mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization has played a positive role in the “four or two adjustments”. In the past few years, 704 mining companies that have received special awards have greatly improved the “three rates” level by actively improving technology and technology, thereby increasing sales revenue by nearly 200 billion yuan; the implementation of 408 demonstration projects has driven enterprises to invest nearly 50 billion yuan. Yuan, brought a huge demonstration effect, improved the comprehensive utilization level of mineral resources, and revitalized a number of resource reserves.

The technical level of policy is also increasing. The Ministry of Land and Resources issued the "Notice on Promoting Advanced and Applicable Technologies to Improve the Level of Mineral Resources Saving and Comprehensive Utilization", increased the funding support for the project, and promoted the application of advanced and applicable technologies to achieve remarkable results. The Ministry of Land and Resources will award the honorary title. The subsidies for the mineral resources compensation fee protection project of each province (autonomous region, municipality) and the special arrangements for the use of advanced applicable technologies. At the same time, the mineral resources compensation fee shall be reduced or exempted according to law, and the mineral resources compensation fee shall be reduced or exempted according to law for the conservation and comprehensive utilization of resources; the relevant policy support shall be strengthened; the promotion and application of advanced applicable technologies and the achievement of effectiveness shall be listed as the model for the creation of land and resources conservation intensive county (city) content.

The Ministry of Land and Resources also distributed a list of 99 advanced applicable technologies in two wholesales, introduced key areas of advanced technology promotion, scope of application, basic principles, technical indicators, and typical cases for reference by mining enterprises; The “three-rate” indicator requirements clarify the red line for rational development and utilization of mineral resources, and use the “three-rate” indicator as the basis for the preparation of mine design and development plans, as well as the important criteria for mining rights approval and annual inspection of mining rights.

"The 'three rate' indicator we have developed is very scientific and reasonable. 70%~80% of enterprises can achieve it, 10%~20% of enterprises can achieve it through hard work, and 10%~15% of enterprises can achieve through technological transformation. The rectification of the non-compliance rate was eliminated in a timely manner." Xu Dachun said, "In 2013, we carried out the study of the 'three-rate' index of nine minerals such as oil and gas, iron, copper, lead, zinc, fluorite, rare earth and potassium salt. At present, it is seeking comments. It is planned to be implemented before the end of the year, and strive to establish a standard system for the rational development and utilization of important mineral resources in two to three years."

The development and application of advanced applicable technologies have promoted the improvement of the “three rates” of minerals. Anshan Iron and Steel Company's research on high-efficiency flotation technology of Anshan-type carbonate-bearing iron ore was listed as a national mineral resource conservation and comprehensive utilization demonstration project. After the step-by-step flotation process, it was difficult to solve the carbonate-containing hematite. The problem of selection has provided technical support for the recycling of a large number of refractory ore containing iron carbonate in China. At present, Angang is selected for 2 million tons of iron carbonate ore every year, with a net profit of 234 million yuan.

“China's iron ore resources have a large number of low-grade ore and extremely poor mines. They have been abandoned as rocks in the past. In recent years, we have developed pre-selection processes and dry-selection processes, recycling more than 12 million tons of low-grade ore and extremely poor ore every year. It is equivalent to the output of a large iron mine," Shao Anlin said.

Hubei Sanxin Gold and Copper Co., Ltd. supervised and managed the whole process of geology, mining, mineral processing and sales, relied on scientific and technological progress and innovation, continuously improved the selection and selection of technologies and processes, effectively improved the technical and economic indicators and the “three rates” level, and promoted Mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization. Liu Chengping, deputy general manager of the company, said that through the development in recent years, the company has formed advanced and mature mining and selection technology and management experience. The “three rate” index has been greatly improved compared with the preliminary design index, and the recovery rate has increased by 6%. Reduced by 6%, the recovery rate of gold and copper beneficiation increased by 5% and 2% respectively. It is at the leading level in the same kind of mines in the country, and has achieved fruitful results in resource conservation and comprehensive utilization, creating significant economic and social benefits.

The Ministry of Land and Resources has also continuously innovated management measures and established an online filing system for mining rights and an online reporting system for mineral inspectors. In order to consolidate the foundation of mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization, the Ministry of Land and Resources also carried out a “three-rate” survey of 22 important mineral resources such as petroleum, coal, iron, copper, lead and zinc, gold and potash, and comprehensively grasped the basic situation of enterprises. , mine reserves, mining technical conditions, mining conditions, mineral processing, tailings and waste utilization, new technologies and new processes, etc., and established a single project for mining recovery rate, ore recovery rate, and comprehensive recovery rate of mining and selection. The comprehensive indicators of the comprehensive utilization rate of mineral resources and the comprehensive utilization rate of mineral resources are the core indicators of conservation and comprehensive utilization evaluation, which further improve the unified evaluation indicators and standards, and develop a target system that reflects the requirements of ecological civilization. The assessment method and the reward and punishment mechanism provide the basis.

As of July 31 this year, the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have completed the field survey, data review and field verification of the “three rates” survey and evaluation of 22 important mineral resources in the country. The data are being aggregated and analyzed, and the provinces (districts, City) The survey database has been submitted to the Ministry for pre-audit. According to statistics, there are about 14,000 mining enterprises in the survey, including about 8,200 coal mines and about 5,700 metal and non-metal mines.

“This is the first comprehensive survey on the status of comprehensive utilization since the founding of New China. Through investigations, the status of development and utilization of important mineral resources in China has been basically identified, scientific evaluation of rational development and utilization levels, establishment of a database of investigation and evaluation, and consolidation of mineral resources management and protection. And the rational development and utilization of the work basis of supervision, to provide a basis for the sound and intensive use of mineral resources, "Xu Dachun said.

On August 2, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the “Letter on Doing a Good Job in the Investigation and Evaluation Report of the Third Rate of Important Mineral Resources and the Acceptance of Results”, and is currently organizing the “Three Rates” survey and evaluation of important mineral resources at the provincial level. Report preparation and results acceptance work.

In order to further promote the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, the Ministry of Land and Resources has also strengthened its service functions. It has established an advanced technology information sharing platform, organized experience exchange meetings and on-site promotion meetings, held academician forums, and established comprehensive utilization of advanced technologies through the portal website. Promote columns and other forms, publicize advanced technology promotion policies, standards and norms, work progress and advanced models, introduce basic conditions such as the scope of application and technical parameters of advanced technologies, and actively provide services for production, learning, research, and use. Enterprises find suitable technologies, let advanced technologies find suitable enterprises, and improve the conversion rate and penetration rate of advanced applicable technologies.

Building a long-term mechanism is imminent

In recent years, although China's mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization have achieved remarkable results, the progress is still uneven, and the overall situation is still no small gap compared with advanced countries. How to build a long-term mechanism to ensure that this work continues to progress healthily is undoubtedly a top priority.

The first is to establish an incentive and restraint system that focuses on economic policies and integrates economic, administrative, technological, and legal. In accordance with the "touch the situation, build standards, push technology, grasp implementation", do a good job of "three rates" survey and evaluation, standard system improvement, advanced technology promotion, etc.; explore the establishment of a development and utilization level and mining land use approval system, strengthen the established The implementation of policies; actively constructing methods and rewards and punishments for the protection and rational use of mineral resources that reflect the requirements of ecological civilization.

At the same time, it is necessary to implement the main responsibility of the enterprise to save and comprehensively utilize mineral resources. Protection and rational development and utilization of mineral resources are the statutory obligations of mining enterprises. Mining enterprises should increase investment and personnel training, and adopt advanced and applicable new technologies, new processes and new equipment to continuously improve the level of development and utilization of mineral resources. Governments at all levels and land and resources departments should support and encourage key mining enterprises to strengthen exchanges and cooperation with research institutes, establish academician expert workstations, and establish a number of innovative platforms for the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources to accelerate the sharing of key technologies. Research and promotion.

The land and resources departments at all levels should innovate administrative management methods, strengthen supervision and management, improve service levels, and deepen the construction of “three rates” indicators for important minerals; enable the annual reporting system for mining rights to improve the efficiency and quality of annual inspections; establish mineral inspectors online. Reporting system, improve the mineral inspector reporting system, and establish a supervision system for “responsibility to people, tasks to mines, and regular inspections” in large and medium-sized mines.

"Saving and comprehensively utilizing mineral resources is an important part of ecological civilization construction, an important starting point for promoting the transformation of mineral resources utilization methods, and an inherent requirement for achieving sustained and healthy economic and social development." Xu Dachun said, "At present, China is still doing a great job. During the period of important strategic opportunities, there is a broad space for development in the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. We must start from the basics, start from the standard, start from the technology, and constantly establish and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of mining enterprises, and effectively promote the mining industry. Sustainable and healthy development, promote the construction of ecological civilization, build a beautiful China, and realize a great Chinese dream."

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