What are the methods of plastic modification?

There are roughly the following types of plastic modification methods:
1) Enhancement: The purpose of increasing the rigidity and strength of the material by adding fibrous or flaky fillers such as glass fiber, carbon fiber and mica powder, such as glass fiber reinforced nylon used in electric tools.
2) Toughening: To achieve the purpose of improving the toughness/impact strength by adding rubber, thermoplastic elastomer and other materials to the plastic, such as toughened polypropylene commonly used in automobiles, home appliances and industrial applications.
3) Blending: uniformly mixing two or more incompatible polymer materials into a macroscopically compatible, microscopic phase-separated mixture to meet certain physical and mechanical properties, optical properties, processing properties, etc. The method required.
4) Alloy: similar to blending, but the compatibility between components is good, it is easy to form a homogeneous system, and some properties that cannot be achieved by a single component, such as PC/ABS alloy, or PS modified PPO, etc., can be obtained.
5) Filling: The purpose of improving physical and mechanical properties or reducing costs by adding fillers to plastics.
6) Other modifications: such as using conductive fillers to reduce the electrical resistivity of plastics; adding antioxidants/light stabilizers to improve the weatherability of materials; adding pigments/dyes to change the color of materials, adding internal/external lubricants to make materials The processing properties are improved, and the nucleating agent is used to change the crystallization characteristics of the semi-crystalline plastic to improve its mechanical properties and optical properties.
In addition to the above physical modification methods, there are also methods for modifying plastics by chemical reaction to obtain specific properties, such as maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin, cross-linking of polyethylene, and utilization of peroxides in the textile industry. The resin is degraded to improve fluidity/fibrilation properties and the like.
A variety of modification methods are often used together in the industry, such as adding a toughening agent such as rubber in the plastic reinforcement modification process without excessive loss of impact strength; or physical mixing in the production of thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV). And chemical cross-linking and so on. In fact, any plastic raw material contains at least a certain proportion of stabilizers at the factory to prevent its degradation during storage, transportation and processing. Therefore, "non-modified plastics" in the strict sense do not exist. However, in the industry, the base resin produced by the chemical plant is usually referred to as "unmodified plastic" or "pure resin".

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