The basic principles of using pesticides to prevent diseases:
First, early prevention, comprehensive prevention and treatment.
It is a cost-saving and efficient disease prevention and control method by rationally fertilizing water and regulating agricultural measures such as temperature and humidity for disease prevention. It is not easy to get sick. Low humidity is not easy to get sick. Timely cleaning of diseased leaves and old leaves in the field can reduce the continued infection of the bacteria. Through pest control nets and sunshade nets, pests, virus diseases, and daily burning can be effectively prevented.
Second, the type of medicine
The pesticides on the market can be divided into five categories: insecticides, fungicides, viricides, herbicides and rodenticides. Fungi and insecticides are commonly used on vegetables. According to the action mechanism of the bactericide, the bactericide can be divided into a protective agent, a therapeutic agent and a compounding agent.
1. Protective agent: After the liquid is sprayed on the leaf surface, it adheres to the surface of the plant to form a protective film, so that the bacteria can not invade the leaves, thus playing the role of no disease. The common protective agent is Bole multi-liquid chlorothalonil. (Daknin), Mancozeb (Dasheng, Yibao), Daisen ammonium, Daisen zinc and so on.
The advantages of the protective agent: First, it is broad-spectrum and can prevent a variety of diseases; second, it is not easy to produce drug resistance, and can be used repeatedly in the same growing season and the same crop, and the third is relatively low in price. Pay attention to two points when using it. First, it must be used in the early stage of the disease to have an effect. Second, it must be sprayed evenly and thoughtfully.
2, therapeutic agents: for a certain disease, the agent directly destroys the physiological activity of the pathogen, some directly kill spores, and some directly destroy the hyphae. Common therapeutic agents are:
(1) For downy mildew, blight, rot, and tripping, etc.: anti-virus cockroach, kelu, metalaxyl, pulic, and ethyl aluminum phosphate.
(2) For gray mold: Suikeling (Pythium), chlorhexidine (isourea), chloramphenicol, gray mold, etc.; carbamate and its compounding agent, carbendazim, polymyroxil , Wan Wanling.
(3) For white powder, withered, gray mold, black star, etc.: carbendazim, atropine, chlorhexidine, Shigao, Fuxing, and bacteria.
Therapeutic agents have the following characteristics:
(1) It is highly targeted, and different agents are used for different diseases.
(2) The sterilization spectrum is narrow, and a certain agent is only effective for a certain type of disease.
(3) It has a systemic conduction function, and the spray is mainly on the back of the leaf, taking into account the front.
(4) It has therapeutic eradication effect.
(5) Single use can produce resistance. The use of special fungicides must first be symptomatic, the amount of liquid should ensure that the plant can absorb the liquid as much as possible into the body.
3. Compounding agent. It is a medicine that combines two or more kinds of medicines, and common ones on the market are: anti-virus cockroach, manganese ethoxide, pseudo-quick, kelu, downy mildew, carbendazim, and carbendazim.
Master the above knowledge of medicines when using pesticides:
(1) The protective drug should be prematurely prevented early, and the sprayed cloth should be evenly distributed. It is not necessary to add a therapeutic agent when protecting.
(2) Treatment of symptomatic medication, the first treatment with good medicine, strive for the same effect, two times to sweep the residual, after the disease is controlled, use protective agents and therapeutic agents.
(3) Prevention and control is used in key parts, such as gray mold for controlling vegetables and fruits. When it is prevented, it must be started from the flower department. When the tomato is squid, add 1/1000 of the keeling in 2.4-D, and find that the disease should be removed in time. Cucumber gray mold in the root melon flowering period, the waist melon flowering period, the top melon flowering period and the early use of Suikeling and other sprayed melon flowers preventive effect is obvious, after the diseased melon is removed, and then medication control.
(4) Master the safety period of pesticide use. In order to meet the requirements of food-free pollution, it is necessary to master the safety interval.
(5) Preventing the development of drug resistance. The whole process is rotated and the drug is mixed to slow down the resistance of the pathogen to the drug.
First, early prevention, comprehensive prevention and treatment.
It is a cost-saving and efficient disease prevention and control method by rationally fertilizing water and regulating agricultural measures such as temperature and humidity for disease prevention. It is not easy to get sick. Low humidity is not easy to get sick. Timely cleaning of diseased leaves and old leaves in the field can reduce the continued infection of the bacteria. Through pest control nets and sunshade nets, pests, virus diseases, and daily burning can be effectively prevented.
Second, the type of medicine
The pesticides on the market can be divided into five categories: insecticides, fungicides, viricides, herbicides and rodenticides. Fungi and insecticides are commonly used on vegetables. According to the action mechanism of the bactericide, the bactericide can be divided into a protective agent, a therapeutic agent and a compounding agent.
1. Protective agent: After the liquid is sprayed on the leaf surface, it adheres to the surface of the plant to form a protective film, so that the bacteria can not invade the leaves, thus playing the role of no disease. The common protective agent is Bole multi-liquid chlorothalonil. (Daknin), Mancozeb (Dasheng, Yibao), Daisen ammonium, Daisen zinc and so on.
The advantages of the protective agent: First, it is broad-spectrum and can prevent a variety of diseases; second, it is not easy to produce drug resistance, and can be used repeatedly in the same growing season and the same crop, and the third is relatively low in price. Pay attention to two points when using it. First, it must be used in the early stage of the disease to have an effect. Second, it must be sprayed evenly and thoughtfully.
2, therapeutic agents: for a certain disease, the agent directly destroys the physiological activity of the pathogen, some directly kill spores, and some directly destroy the hyphae. Common therapeutic agents are:
(1) For downy mildew, blight, rot, and tripping, etc.: anti-virus cockroach, kelu, metalaxyl, pulic, and ethyl aluminum phosphate.
(2) For gray mold: Suikeling (Pythium), chlorhexidine (isourea), chloramphenicol, gray mold, etc.; carbamate and its compounding agent, carbendazim, polymyroxil , Wan Wanling.
(3) For white powder, withered, gray mold, black star, etc.: carbendazim, atropine, chlorhexidine, Shigao, Fuxing, and bacteria.
Therapeutic agents have the following characteristics:
(1) It is highly targeted, and different agents are used for different diseases.
(2) The sterilization spectrum is narrow, and a certain agent is only effective for a certain type of disease.
(3) It has a systemic conduction function, and the spray is mainly on the back of the leaf, taking into account the front.
(4) It has therapeutic eradication effect.
(5) Single use can produce resistance. The use of special fungicides must first be symptomatic, the amount of liquid should ensure that the plant can absorb the liquid as much as possible into the body.
3. Compounding agent. It is a medicine that combines two or more kinds of medicines, and common ones on the market are: anti-virus cockroach, manganese ethoxide, pseudo-quick, kelu, downy mildew, carbendazim, and carbendazim.
Master the above knowledge of medicines when using pesticides:
(1) The protective drug should be prematurely prevented early, and the sprayed cloth should be evenly distributed. It is not necessary to add a therapeutic agent when protecting.
(2) Treatment of symptomatic medication, the first treatment with good medicine, strive for the same effect, two times to sweep the residual, after the disease is controlled, use protective agents and therapeutic agents.
(3) Prevention and control is used in key parts, such as gray mold for controlling vegetables and fruits. When it is prevented, it must be started from the flower department. When the tomato is squid, add 1/1000 of the keeling in 2.4-D, and find that the disease should be removed in time. Cucumber gray mold in the root melon flowering period, the waist melon flowering period, the top melon flowering period and the early use of Suikeling and other sprayed melon flowers preventive effect is obvious, after the diseased melon is removed, and then medication control.
(4) Master the safety period of pesticide use. In order to meet the requirements of food-free pollution, it is necessary to master the safety interval.
(5) Preventing the development of drug resistance. The whole process is rotated and the drug is mixed to slow down the resistance of the pathogen to the drug.
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