According to foreign media reports, meeting the energy needs of a growing population in a sustainable manner requires creative solutions that are not necessarily limited to battery chemistry. As a new study from the Queensland University of Technology in Australia shows, solutions for storing energy in mechanical systems may include huge concrete towers, or at the other end, tiny carbon harnesses composed of ultra-fine carbon wires.
The researchers behind this research describe their proposed energy storage system as a diamond nanowire bundle, which is a tiny structure that has been explored by materials scientists for some time because of its unique physical properties. These wire harnesses consist of very thin one-dimensional carbon wires that can be twisted or stretched as a way of storing mechanical energy.
"Similar to compression coils or children's clockwork toys, energy can be released as the twisted harness is untied," said study author Dr. Zhan Haifei. "If you can make a system to control the energy provided by the nanowire harness, this will be a safer and more stable energy storage solution for many applications."
Haifei Zhan and his team conducted computer modeling to study the assumed energy density of diamond nanowire bundles. According to the results of the study, these systems can store 1.76 megajoules per kilogram, which is 4 to 5 orders of magnitude higher than steel springs of the same quality, which is three times that of lithium ion batteries.
Although this superior energy density is a huge driving force for the development of such a system, its safety is another driving force. Because it does not involve the electrochemical reactions that occur in lithium-ion batteries, the risk of leakage, explosion, or simple chemical failure is avoided. "At high temperatures, the chemical storage system may explode, or at low temperatures it may become unresponsive." Zhan Haifei said. "These will also leak during failure, causing chemical pollution. Mechanical energy storage systems do not have these risks, so they are more suitable for potential applications inside the human body."
The team imagined various uses for such a system, from wearable technology, to biomedical tools for heart and brain functions, to robots.
Zhan Haifei said: "This nanowire harness can be used in the next generation of power transmission lines, aerospace electronics, and structural composite materials such as field emission, batteries, smart textiles and building materials."
The research was published in the journal Nature Communications.
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