Centrifugal pump working principle and basic structure

Centrifugal pump is to rely on centrifugal force generated when the impeller rotates to transport liquid pump, the use of high-speed rotation of the impeller blades to rotate the water, the water thrown, so as to achieve the purpose of delivery. Centrifugal pump vertical, horizontal, single-stage, multi-stage, single suction, double suction, self-suction and other forms. Centrifugal pump (Figure 1) Centrifugal pump at work, relying on high-speed rotating impeller, liquid under inertial centrifugal force to obtain energy to increase the pressure. Centrifugal pump before work, the pump body and the inlet pipe must be filled with liquid medium to prevent cavitation. When the impeller rotates rapidly, the blades cause the medium to rotate rapidly. The spinning medium flies out of the impeller under the centrifugal force. After the water in the pump is thrown out, the central part of the impeller forms a vacuum area. While constantly inhaling the liquid, while continuing to give a certain amount of liquid inhaled energy, the liquid discharge. Centrifugal pump is so continuous work. Centrifugal pump schematic (Figure 2) The basic structure of the centrifugal pump is composed of six parts are the impeller, pump body, pump shaft, bearings, seal ring, stuffing box. Centrifugal pump structure (Figure 3) 1, the impeller centrifugal pump is the core part of its high speed output power, the blades on the impeller play a major role in the impeller before the static balance through the experiment. The inner and outer surfaces of the impeller require smoothness to reduce the frictional loss of water flow. 2, also known as the pump casing, it is the main pump. To support the role of fixed, and with the bearing bracket to connect. 3, the role of the pump shaft is connected by a coupling and motor, the motor torque to the impeller, so it is the main component of mechanical energy transfer. 4, the bearing is set on the pump shaft supporting the pump shaft components, there are two types of rolling bearings and plain bearings. 5, seal ring, also known as leakage ring. The gap between the impeller inlet and the pump casing is too large, causing the water in the high-pressure area of ​​the pump to flow to the low-pressure area through the gap, affecting the water output of the pump and reducing the efficiency. If the clearance is too small, friction between the impeller and the pump casing will be caused to wear. Sealed gap maintained at between 0.25 ~ 1.10mm is appropriate. 6, stuffing box mainly by the filler, water seal ring, packing tube, packing gland, water seal tube. The purpose of the stuffing box is to close the gap between the pump housing and the pump shaft so that the water inside the pump does not flow outside and the outside air does not enter the pump.